In this study, we present the development of wearable electronic devices with integrated sensing and physiotherapy functionalities, aiming to advance flexible multidimensional strain sensors. The as-developed electronic devices are based on a composite hydrogel with unique anisotropic electromechanical properties and exceptional magnetothermal capabilities. Specifically, two-dimensional nanohybrids possessing both conductive and magnetic properties are induced to align orientationally within the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) network through a magnetic field pre-induction strategy, resulting in the conductive hydrogels with anisotropic structures. The as-optimized composite hydrogel demonstrates distinct conductivities in the parallel and vertical directions, enabling the creation of a multidimensional strain sensor. This sensor is capable of accurately sensing strains in orthogonal directions, with distinguishable gauge factors (GF_∥ = 3.20, while GF_⊥ = 1.78) within the tensile strain range of 0 ∼ 60%. Additionally, the strain sensor exhibits a relatively fast response time (t_∥ = 74.47 ms, t_⊥ = 157.63 ms). Moreover, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent magnetothermal physiotherapy capabilities, making it suitable for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the conductive hydrogels can be assembled into a 3D distribution array, enabling the detection of both the magnitude and spatial distribution of stress. In summary, the anisotropic conductive hydrogel shows promise as a next-generation, multidimensional flexible strain and stress sensors with rehabilitation assistant functions.

在这项研究中，我们展示了具有集成传感和物理治疗功能的可穿戴电子设备的开发，旨在开发灵活的多维应变传感器。所开发的电子设备基于复合水凝胶，具有独特的各向异性机电特性和卓越的磁热能力。具体来说，通过磁场预诱导策略诱导具有导电性和磁性的二维纳米杂化物在聚乙烯醇（PVA）网络内定向排列，从而产生具有各向异性结构的导电水凝胶。优化后的复合水凝胶在平行和垂直方向上表现出不同的电导率，从而能够创建多维应变传感器。_∥ = 3.20，而 GF _⊥ = 1.78) 在 0 ∼ 60% 的拉伸应变范围内。此外，应变传感器具有相对较快的响应时间（t _∥ = 74.47 ms，t _⊥ = 157.63 ms）。此外，复合水凝胶表现出优异的磁热物理治疗能力，使其适合治疗应用。此外，导电水凝胶可以组装成3D分布阵列，从而能够检测应力的大小和空间分布。总之，各向异性导电水凝胶有望成为具有康复辅助功能的下一代多维柔性应变和应力传感器。