Self-Assembled Nanofibrous Hydrogels with Tunable Porous Network for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination in Strong Brine,Advanced Functional Materials

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Self-Assembled Nanofibrous Hydrogels with Tunable Porous Network for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination in Strong Brine
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202308492
Hao Li ₁ , Weixin Zhang _{1,

2} , Jiawei Liu ₁ , Mingze Sun ₁ , Li Wang ₃ , Lizhi Xu _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Hydrogel-based solar evaporators (HSEs) emerged as energy-efficient designs for water purification due to the reduced vaporization enthalpy in the hydrated polymeric network. However, it remains challenging for HSEs to achieve stable performance in desalination, partly due to the tradeoff between desired evaporation dynamics and salt tolerance. Here, composite hydrogels with tunable self-assembled nanofiber networks are exploited for the engineering of solar evaporators with both high evaporation performance and resistance to salt accumulation. The nanofibrous hydrogel solar evaporators (NHSEs) present an intrinsic open network with high porosity, above 90%, enabling continuous water channels for efficient mass transfer. Theoretical modeling captures the complex nexus between microstructures and evaporation performance by coupling water transfer, thermal conduction, and vaporization enthalpy during evaporation. The mechanistic understanding and engineering tuning of the composites lead to an optimum configuration of NHSEs, which demonstrate a stable evaporation rate of 2.85 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ during continuous desalination in 20% brine. The outstanding performance of NHSEs and the underlying design principles may facilitate further development of practical desalination systems.

中文翻译：

具有可调多孔网络的自组装纳米纤维水凝胶，用于在浓盐水中高效太阳能脱盐

由于水合聚合物网络中的蒸发焓降低，基于水凝胶的太阳能蒸发器（HSE）成为水净化的节能设计。然而，HSE 在海水淡化方面实现稳定的性能仍然具有挑战性，部分原因是所需的蒸发动力学和耐盐性之间的权衡。在这里，具有可调自组装纳米纤维网络的复合水凝胶被用于太阳能蒸发器的工程，该蒸发器具有高蒸发性能和抗盐积累性。纳米纤维水凝胶太阳能蒸发器 (NHSE) 呈现出一种固有的开放网络，孔隙率高达 90% 以上，可实现连续的水通道，从而实现高效的传质。理论模型通过耦合蒸发过程中的水传递、热传导和蒸发焓来捕捉微观结构和蒸发性能之间的复杂关系。复合材料的机理理解和工程调整导致了 NHSE 的最佳配置，在 20% 盐水中连续脱盐过程中表现出 2.85 kg m ^-2 h ^-1的稳定蒸发速率。NHSE 的出色性能和基本设计原理可能会促进实用海水淡化系统的进一步开发。

更新日期：2023-09-01

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