当我用一个词的时候。。。做与不做,The BMJ

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当我用一个词的时候。。。做与不做
The BMJ ( IF 93.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 , DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2021
Jeffrey K Aronson ₁

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印欧语词根 WERG（to do）为我们提供了与工作相关的日常词汇集合，包括“工作”本身。希腊语衍生词ἔργον给出了许多它们，从遍历到能层、吸能和放能反应、hypergol和exergues，以及许多指定为肾上腺素能、胆碱能、多巴胺能、GABA能、组胺能、单胺能、肽能和嘌呤能的药理作用。外科医生的职业道德也体现在他们的职业名称中。然而，有些人觉得工作令人厌烦或决定不做，要么没有其他原因，只是不想做，或者因为他们有理由罢工，常常抱怨薪酬或工作条件。英国的医院顾问最近也加入了后一种行列，表面上抱怨薪酬，但同样甚至更严重的是，因为 NHS 的工作条件，经过多年的恶化，似乎终于引起了人们的不满。其员工的致命的消极情绪。做事是不可避免的。即使在我们睡着的时候，我们也必须做一些事情，尽管是不由自主的——例如呼吸。做也包括体验，比如做梦；虽然我们可能并不总是记得我们的梦，但我们在快速眼动睡眠期间和其他时候经历过它们。1我们时不时会移动，有些人会在睡梦中说话，甚至走路。当然，在我们做的所有事情中，很多都是自愿的，并不是所有事情都必须做。例如，工作。印欧语词根 WERG 的主要含义是“做”，它为我们提供了“工作”及其所有衍生词，例如艺术品、编篮工作、柜子工作、桌面工作、土方工作、框架、玻璃工作、手工工作、铁制品、旅程工作、绳结工作、腿部工作、金属工作、网络工作、过度工作、文书工作、羽毛工作、绳索工作、轮班工作、团队工作、欠工作、语音工作、柳条工作、庭院工作和锌工作。其他几种欧洲语言也受益：丹麦语 (værk)、荷兰语 (werk)、德语 (werk)、挪威语 (verk) 和瑞典语 (verk)……

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When I use a word . . . Doing and non-doing

The IndoEuropean root WERG, to do, gives us a workaday collection of work-related words, including “work” itself. The Greek derivative ἔργον gives a host of them, from ergodic to ergosphere, endergonic and exergonic reactions, hypergols and exergues, and numerous pharmacological actions designated as adrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, histaminergic, monoaminergic, peptidergic, and purinergic. Surgeons’ work ethic is also evident in the name of their calling. Some, however, find work irksome or decide not to do it, either for no other reason than not wanting to, or because they have cause for going on strike, often pointing to complaints about remuneration or working conditions. The hospital consultants in England have recently joined the latter band, ostensibly complaining about pay, but equally, or even more so, because of the conditions of working in the NHS, which seems at last, after many years of deterioration, to have induced a fatal anergy in its staff. Doing is inescapable. Even when we are asleep there are some things that we have to do, albeit involuntarily—breathing, for example. Doing also includes experiencing, such as dreaming; and although we may not always remember our dreams we experience them, during rapid eye movement sleep and at other times.1 From time to time, we move and some of us talk or even walk in our sleep. Of course, of all the things we do, many are voluntary and not all have to be done. Work, for example. The IndoEuropean root, WERG, whose primary meaning was to do, gives us “work” and all its derivatives, such as artwork, basketwork, casework, deskwork, earthwork, framework, glasswork, handwork, ironwork, journey-work, knotwork, legwork, metalwork, network, overwork, paperwork, quillwork, ropework, shiftwork, teamwork, underwork, voicework, wickerwork, yard-work, and zincwork. Several other European languages benefit too: Danish (værk), Dutch (werk), German (werk), Norwegian (verk), and Swedish (verk), …

更新日期：2023-09-02

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