After the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 2013, same-sex partners of U.S. citizens became eligible for spousal visas. Since then, the United States has seen a rapid rise in same-sex, mixed-citizenship couples. However, this effect varies greatly depending on the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) policy context of the noncitizen’s country of origin. Using waves 2008–2019 of the American Community Survey, this study employs a triple-difference design to examine how the policy environment of the origin country moderates the effect of the end of DOMA on incidence of mixed-citizenship, same-sex couples in the United States. Quasi-Poisson models with two-way fixed effects show that, after 2013, individuals in mixed-citizenship, same-sex couples coming from countries with progressive LGB policies saw a more than 60% increase in incidence relative to those in different-sex or same-citizenship couples. Meanwhile, those from countries with regressive laws experienced no significant increase. These results are corroborated by analyses of individual policies. We argue that the country-of-origin policy context affects and is affected by local norms and attitudes as well as individuals’ material circumstances. This nexus of factors leaves a lasting impact on immigrants that shapes migration decisions, union formation, and responses to policy shifts.

中文翻译：

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对混合公民、同性婚姻的政策影响：三重差异分析

2013年美国最高法院推翻《婚姻保护法》(DOMA)后，美国公民的同性伴侣就有资格获得配偶签证。从那时起，美国的同性、混血夫妇数量迅速增加。然而，这种影响因非公民原籍国的女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋 (LGB) 政策背景而异。本研究利用 2008-2019 波美国社区调查，采用三重差异设计来研究原籍国的政策环境如何调节 DOMA 的终止对混血公民、同性伴侣的影响。美国。具有双向固定效应的拟泊松模型表明，2013 年之后，混合国籍的个人，来自具有进步性 LGB 政策的国家的同性伴侣的发病率相对于异性或同国籍伴侣的发病率增加了 60% 以上。与此同时，来自法律倒退国家的人数没有显着增加。这些结果得到了对个别政策的分析的证实。我们认为，原籍国的政策环境影响着当地的规范和态度以及个人的物质条件，也受到当地的规范和态度的影响。这些因素的联系对移民产生了持久的影响，影响着移民决策、工会组建和对政策转变的反应。这些结果得到了对个别政策的分析的证实。我们认为，原籍国的政策环境影响着当地的规范和态度以及个人的物质条件，也受到当地的规范和态度的影响。这些因素的联系对移民产生了持久的影响，影响着移民决策、工会组建和对政策转变的反应。这些结果得到了对个别政策的分析的证实。我们认为，原籍国的政策环境影响着当地的规范和态度以及个人的物质条件，也受到当地的规范和态度的影响。这些因素的联系对移民产生了持久的影响，影响着移民决策、工会组建和对政策转变的反应。