The generation, manipulation, storage, and detection of single photons play a central role in emerging photonic quantum information technology. Individual photons serve as flying qubits and transmit the relevant quantum information at high speed and with low losses, for example between individual nodes of quantum networks. Due to the laws of quantum mechanics, the associated quantum communication is fundamentally tap-proof, which explains the enormous interest in this modern information technology. On the other hand, stationary qubits or photonic states in quantum computers can potentially lead to enormous increases in performance through parallel data processing, to outperform classical computers in specific tasks when quantum advantage is achieved. In this review, we discuss in depth the great potential of semiconductor quantum dots in photonic quantum information technology. In this context, quantum dots form a key resource for the implementation of quantum communication networks and photonic quantum computers, because they can generate single photons on demand. Moreover, these solid-state quantum emitters are compatible with the mature semiconductor technology, so that they can be integrated comparatively easily into nanophotonic structures such as resonators and waveguide systems, which form the basis for quantum light sources and integrated photonic quantum circuits. After a thematic introduction, we present modern numerical methods and theoretical approaches to device design and the physical description of quantum dot devices. We then introduce modern methods and technical solutions for the epitaxial growth and for the deterministic nanoprocessing of quantum devices based on semiconductor quantum dots. Furthermore, we highlight the most promising device concepts for quantum light sources and photonic quantum circuits that include single quantum dots as active elements and discuss applications of these novel devices in photonic quantum information technology. We close with an overview of open issues and an outlook on future developments.

中文翻译：

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用于光子量子信息技术的量子点

单光子的产生、操纵、存储和检测在新兴的光子量子信息技术中发挥着核心作用。单个光子充当飞行量子位，并以低损耗高速传输相关量子信息，例如在量子网络的各个节点之间。由于量子力学定律，相关的量子通信基本上是防窃听的，这解释了人们对这种现代信息技术的巨大兴趣。另一方面，量子计算机中的固定量子位或光子态可能会通过并行数据处理大幅提高性能，从而在实现量子优势时在特定任务中超越经典计算机。在这篇评论中，我们深入讨论了半导体量子点在光子量子信息技术中的巨大潜力。在这种背景下，量子点成为实现量子通信网络和光子量子计算机的关键资源，因为它们可以按需生成单光子。此外，这些固态量子发射器与成熟的半导体技术兼容，因此可以相对容易地集成到谐振器和波导系统等纳米光子结构中，从而构成量子光源和集成光子量子电路的基础。在主题介绍之后，我们介绍了器件设计的现代数值方法和理论方法以及量子点器件的物理描述。然后，我们介绍基于半导体量子点的量子器件的外延生长和确定性纳米加工的现代方法和技术解决方案。此外，我们还重点介绍了量子光源和光子量子电路中最有前途的器件概念，其中包括单量子点作为有源元件，并讨论了这些新颖器件在光子量子信息技术中的应用。我们最后概述了未解决的问题并展望了未来的发展。我们重点介绍了量子光源和光子量子电路中最有前途的器件概念，其中包括单量子点作为有源元件，并讨论了这些新颖器件在光子量子信息技术中的应用。我们最后概述了未解决的问题并展望了未来的发展。我们重点介绍了量子光源和光子量子电路中最有前途的器件概念，其中包括单量子点作为有源元件，并讨论了这些新颖器件在光子量子信息技术中的应用。我们最后概述了未解决的问题并展望了未来的发展。