Guanidino compounds such as dimethylarginines (SDMA, ADMA) and L-homoarginine ((L-)hArg) can interfere with bioavailability and function of the main NO-donor L-arginine (L-Arg). High ADMA and SDMA but low L-hArg concentrations have been associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular events and mortality in adults. The role of guanidino compounds in paediatric patients remains less clear. We, therefore, compared guanidino compound levels in plasma samples of 57 individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 141 individuals without CKD from the age of 0 to 17 years, including patients with different comorbidities by correlation and regression analyses. We found highest hArg, SDMA and ADMA concentrations in neonates (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001 for all). From the age of 1 year on, hArg levels increased, whereas SDMA und ADMA levels further decreased in children. SDMA and ADMA are higher in children with CKD independent of GFR (mean factor 1.92 and 1.38, respectively, p < 0.001 for both), and SDMA is strongly correlated with creatinine concentration in children with CKD (Spearman’s rho 0.74, p < 0.001). We provide guanidino compound levels in a large sample covering all paediatric age groups for the first time. Our data can be used to assess the role of guanidino compounds such as hArg in disease states, i.e. cerebro- and cardiovascular disorders in childhood and adolescence.

二甲基精氨酸 (SDMA、ADMA) 和 L-高精氨酸 ((L-)hArg) 等胍基化合物会干扰主要 NO 供体 L-精氨酸 (L-Arg) 的生物利用度和功能。高 ADMA 和 SDMA 但低 L-hArg 浓度与成人心脑血管事件和死亡率相关。胍基化合物在儿科患者中的作用尚不清楚。因此，我们通过相关和回归分析比较了 57 名慢性肾病 (CKD) 患者和 141 名 0 至 17 岁无 CKD 患者血浆样本中的胍基化合物水平，其中包括患有不同合并症的患者。我们发现新生儿中 hArg、SDMA 和 ADMA 浓度最高（Kruskal-Wallis，所有p < 0.001）。从一岁起，儿童的 hArg 水平升高，而 SDMA 和 ADMA 水平进一步下降。 CKD 儿童的 SDMA 和 ADMA 较高，与 GFR 无关（平均因子分别为 1.92 和 1.38， p < 0.001），并且 SDMA 与 CKD 儿童的肌酐浓度强相关（Spearman's rho 0.74， p < 0.001）。我们首次提供涵盖所有儿科年龄组的大样本中的胍基化合物水平。我们的数据可用于评估胍基化合物（例如 hArg）在疾病状态（即儿童和青少年时期的脑和心血管疾病）中的作用。