High-performance flame-retardant polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composites based on biobased fillers to meet usage requirements represents a promising direction for creating a sustainable world. Although flame retardant PLA composites have been reported extensively, it still remains a huge challenge to develop mechanically robust. The flame retardant PLA composites due to plastication effect of organic flame retardants and poor compatibility of organic fillers with the matrix lead to the severe deterioration in mechanical properties. In this work, a bio-inspired surface manipulation strategy for halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was proposed via a facile and green self-assembly process. The structure and morphology of bio-inspired HNTs (b-HNTs) proved that biomass nanofillers (PA-NA-Fe) grew well both within the lumen and on the surface of HNTs. The growth of biomass on the inner and outer surfaces of HNTs was inspired from wooden towards enhancing the interface compatibility and imparting multi-properties to PLA biopolymer. Excellent mechanical properties (tensile, thermomechanical and anti-impact mechanical), great fire safety (heat release and smoke emission), thermostability and improved electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of this well-designed PLA nanocomposite were realized. The mechanisms of the enhanced performances of the PLA bio-composites by loading b-HNTs were proposed. This work presents a facile and environmentally-friendly bio-inspired modification strategy for HNTs to fabricate high-performance, multi-functional polymer composites, which is also suitable for surface modification of many other nanomaterials, including nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanosheets.

基于生物基填料的高性能阻燃聚乳酸（PLA）生物复合材料可以满足使用要求，代表了创建可持续发展世界的有希望的方向。尽管阻燃PLA复合材料已被广泛报道，但开发机械强度仍然是一个巨大的挑战。阻燃PLA复合材料由于有机阻燃剂的塑化作用以及有机填料与基体的相容性差导致力学性能严重恶化。在这项工作中，通过简单且绿色的自组装过程提出了一种埃洛石纳米管（HNT）的仿生表面操纵策略。仿生HNTs（b-HNTs）的结构和形貌证明生物质纳米填料（PA-NA-Fe）在HNTs的内腔和表面都生长良好。HNT 内外表面生物质的生长受到木材的启发，旨在增强界面相容性并赋予 PLA 生物聚合物多种性能。这种精心设计的PLA纳米复合材料实现了优异的机械性能（拉伸、热机械和抗冲击机械性能）、出色的防火安全性（放热和排烟）、热稳定性和改进的电磁干扰屏蔽效能。提出了负载 b-HNTs 增强 PLA 生物复合材料性能的机制。这项工作提出了一种简便、环保的仿生改性策略，用于 HNT 制造高性能、多功能聚合物复合材料，该策略也适用于许多其他纳米材料的表面改性，包括纳米纤维、纳米管、纳米线、