当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Neural. Transm. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Catecholamines and Parkinson’s disease: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) over tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) to cytokines, neuromelanin, and gene therapy: a historical overview
Journal of Neural Transmission ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02673-y
Toshiharu Nagatsu 1
Affiliation  

The author identified the genes and proteins of human enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4): tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1). In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the activities and levels of mRNA and protein of all catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are decreased, especially in dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Hereditary GCH1 deficiency results in reductions in the levels of BH4 and the activities of TH, causing decreases in dopamine levels. Severe deficiencies in GCH1 or TH cause severe decreases in dopamine levels leading to severe neurological symptoms, whereas mild decreases in TH activity in mild GCH1 deficiency or in mild TH deficiency result in only modest reductions in dopamine levels and symptoms of DOPA-responsive dystonia (DRD, Segawa disease) or juvenile Parkinsonism. DRD is a treatable disease and small doses of L-DOPA can halt progression. The death of dopamine neurons in PD in the substantia nigra may be related to (i) inflammatory effect of extra neuronal neuromelanin, (ii) inflammatory cytokines which are produced by activated microglia, (iii) decreased levels of BDNF, and/or (iv) increased levels of apoptosis-related factors. This review also discusses progress in gene therapies for the treatment of PD, and of GCH1, TH and AADC deficiencies, by transfection of TH, AADC, and GCH1 via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors.



中文翻译:


儿茶酚胺和帕金森病:酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH) 优于四氢生物蝶呤 (BH4) 和 GTP 环水解酶 I (GCH1) 对细胞因子、神经黑色素和基因治疗的影响:历史概述



作者鉴定了参与儿茶酚胺(多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素)和四氢生物蝶呤 (BH4) 生物合成的人类酶的基因和蛋白质:酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH)、芳香族 L-氨基酸脱羧酶 (AADC)、多巴胺 β-羟化酶 (DBH)、苯乙醇胺 N-甲基转移酶 (PNMT) 和 GTP 环水解酶 I (GCH1)。在帕金森病 (PD) 中,所有儿茶酚胺合成酶的 mRNA 和蛋白质的活性和水平降低,尤其是在黑质中的多巴胺神经元中。遗传性 GCH1 缺乏导致 BH4 水平和 TH 活性降低,导致多巴胺水平降低。GCH1 或 TH 的严重缺乏导致多巴胺水平严重降低,从而导致严重的神经系统症状,而轻度 GCH1 缺乏症或轻度 TH 缺乏症中 TH 活性的轻度降低仅导致多巴胺水平和 DOPA 反应性肌张力障碍(DRD、Segawa 病)或青少年帕金森病的症状适度降低DRD 是一种可治疗的疾病,小剂量的 L-DOPA 可以阻止病情进展。黑质 PD 中多巴胺神经元的死亡可能与 (i) 神经元外神经黑素的炎症作用有关,(ii) 活化的小胶质细胞产生的炎性细胞因子,(iii) BDNF 水平降低,和/或 (iv) 细胞凋亡相关因素水平升高。本文还讨论了通过腺相关病毒 (AAV) 载体转染 TH、AADCGCH1 的基因疗法治疗 PD 以及 GCH1、TH 和 AADC 缺陷的进展。

更新日期:2023-08-29
down
wechat
bug