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The Indian Muslim Salariat and The Moral and Political Economies of Usury Laws in Colonial India, 1855–1914
Past & Present ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 , DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtad013
Michael O’Sullivan 1
Affiliation  

This article examines the long-term response of the Indian Muslim salariat to the lifting of usury laws in British India in 1855. The salariat were a group of urban professionals and landed gentry in north India who emerged after the uprising of 1857. They espoused a self-conscious brand of Islamic modernism, a central feature of which was a reinterpretation of Islamic traditions pertaining to ‘rent on money’ (interest/usury). Hitherto, Islamic legal rules authorizing interest/usury transactions had been context-dependent, but, motivated by the colonial state’s abrogation of usury caps and a critique of prevailing Islamic legal norms, the salariat articulated a context-free interpretation of interest/usury in which the two were made distinct. Henceforth, interest transactions among Muslims were acceptable, but ‘usurious’ moneylending, conflated with ‘Hindu’ moneylending, was condemned. This pro-interest, anti-usury programme frequently fused Islamic exegesis with readings from European political economy. In turn, the salariat crafted a vernacular political-cum-moral economy that they sought to propagate among the Muslim masses. Nevertheless, by 1914 the salariat had largely disavowed this programme, convinced that the colonial state’s revocation of usury laws had produced a Hindu–Muslim wealth gap. Now a new conception of an ‘Islamic’ economy, in which all interest was anathema, materialized.

中文翻译:

印度穆斯林薪水和印度殖民地时期高利贷法律的道德和政治经济学,1855 年至 1914 年

本文考察了印度穆斯林工薪族对 1855 年英属印度取消高利贷法的长期反应。工薪族是 1857 年起义后出现的印度北部的一群城市专业人士和地主绅士。伊斯兰现代主义的自觉品牌,其核心特征是对有关“货币租金”(利息/高利贷)的伊斯兰传统的重新解释。迄今为止,授权利息/高利贷交易的伊斯兰法律规则一直依赖于具体情况,但是,在殖民国家废除高利贷上限和对现行伊斯兰法律规范的批评的推动下,薪金制度对利息/高利贷提出了一种与具体情况无关的解释,其中两者是截然不同的。从此以后,穆斯林之间的利息交易是可以接受的,但“高利贷”放贷,与“印度教”放债混为一谈,受到谴责。这个支持利益、反高利贷的计划经常将伊斯兰注释与欧洲政治经济学的解读融合在一起。反过来,工薪阶层制定了一种本土的政治和道德经济,并试图在穆斯林群众中传播。然而,到了 1914 年,工薪阶层基本上否认了这一计划,他们相信殖民国家废除高利贷法造成了印度教与穆斯林之间的贫富差距。现在,一种新的“伊斯兰”经济概念成为现实,在这种经济中,一切利益都是令人厌恶的。然而,到了 1914 年,工薪阶层基本上否认了这一计划,他们相信殖民国家废除高利贷法造成了印度教与穆斯林之间的贫富差距。现在,一种新的“伊斯兰”经济概念成为现实,在这种经济中,一切利益都是令人厌恶的。然而,到了 1914 年,工薪阶层基本上否认了这一计划,他们相信殖民国家废除高利贷法造成了印度教与穆斯林之间的贫富差距。现在,一种新的“伊斯兰”经济概念成为现实,在这种经济中,一切利益都是令人厌恶的。
更新日期:2023-08-25
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