Silymarin-Loaded Tin(IV) Nanoparticles Exhibit Enhanced Bioavailability and Antiproliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells,ACS Applied Bio Materials

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Silymarin-Loaded Tin(IV) Nanoparticles Exhibit Enhanced Bioavailability and Antiproliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells
ACS Applied Bio Materials ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00434
Hossein Abbasinia ₁ , Masoumeh Heshmati ₁ , Mohammad Yousefi ₂ , Nabaa Najjar ₃ , Hanieh Sadeghi ₄

Affiliation

Silymarin (SM) exhibits potential therapeutic effects due to having antioxidant activity. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of SM restrict its biological performance. To overcome this limitation, this study aimed to develop a nanoformulation composed of SM and dimethyltindichloride and investigate the effect of SM-loaded Sn nanoparticles on cancer cell growth and survival. An SM–Sn complex was synthesized and then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), EDS-MAP, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential analysis. After that, the SW480 colorectal cancer cell line was treated with different concentrations of SM and the SM–Sn complex. Cell viability was examined through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, analyzing apoptosis, and live–dead assay. The lipid peroxidation rate was assessed through the measurement of thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and cell population in the cell cycle were measured using a flow cytometry instrument. To evaluate the colonization ability of SW480 cells, a colony formation assay was performed. Gene expression analysis was also conducted using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The findings of this study revealed the effectiveness of the SM–Sn complex in decreasing SW480 cell viability by inducing cell death-associated mechanisms. We found that the SM–Sn complex increases intracellular ROS level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. It was also revealed that the SM–Sn complex induces cell cycle arrest and the expression of apoptotic genes. In addition, the SM–Sn complex could effectively hinder SW480 cells from constituting colonies. We conclude that the use of tin(IV) as a scaffold for enhanced delivery of SM could be considered an efficient option for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival.

中文翻译：

负载水飞蓟素的锡 (IV) 纳米颗粒对结直肠癌细胞表现出增强的生物利用度和抗增殖作用

水飞蓟素（SM）由于具有抗氧化活性而表现出潜在的治疗作用。然而，SM的低溶解度和生物利用度限制了其生物学性能。为了克服这一限制，本研究旨在开发一种由 SM 和二甲基二氯化锡组成的纳米制剂，并研究负载 SM 的 Sn 纳米颗粒对癌细胞生长和存活的影响。合成了 SM-Sn 复合物，然后使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、EDS-MAP、动态光散射 (DLS) 和 ζ 电位分析进行表征。之后，用不同浓度的 SM 和 SM-Sn 复合物处理 SW480 结直肠癌细胞系。通过 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑 (MTT) 测定、分析细胞凋亡和活死测定来检查细胞活力。通过测量硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）来评估脂质过氧化率。使用流式细胞术仪器测量细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平和细胞周期中的细胞群。为了评估 SW480 细胞的定植能力，进行了集落形成测定。还使用实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术进行基因表达分析。这项研究的结果揭示了 SM-Sn 复合物通过诱导细胞死亡相关机制来降低 SW480 细胞活力的有效性。我们发现 SM-Sn 复合物增加了细胞内 ROS 水平和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量。研究还表明，SM-Sn 复合物可诱导细胞周期停滞和凋亡基因的表达。此外，SM-Sn复合物可以有效阻碍SW480细胞形成集落。我们的结论是，使用锡（IV）作为增强 SM 递送的支架可以被认为是抑制癌细胞增殖和存活的有效选择。

更新日期：2023-08-22

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