To achieve the goals of the peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutral, the development and utilization of sustainable clean energy are extremely important. Hydrogen fuel cells are an important system for converting hydrogen energy into electrical energy. However, the slow hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics under alkaline conditions has limited its development. Therefore, elucidating the catalytic mechanism of HOR in acidic and alkaline media is of great significance for the construction of highly active and stable catalysts. In terms of practicality, Pt is still the primary choice for commercialization of fuel cells. On the above basis, we first introduced the hydrogen binding energy theory and bifunctional theory used to describe the HOR activity, as well as the pH dependence. After that, the rational design strategies of Pt-based HOR catalysts were systematically classified and summarized from the perspective of activity descriptors. In addition, we further emphasized the importance of theoretical simulations and in situ characterization in revealing the HOR mechanism, which is crucial for the rational design of catalysts. Moreover, the practical application of Pt-based HOR catalysts in fuel cells was also presented. In closing, the current challenges and future development directions of HOR catalysts were discussed. This review will provide a deep understanding for exploring the mechanism of highly efficient HOR catalysts and the development of fuel cells.

要实现二氧化碳排放达峰和碳中和的目标，可持续清洁能源的开发利用极为重要。氢燃料电池是将氢能转化为电能的重要系统。然而，碱性条件下缓慢的氢氧化反应（HOR）动力学限制了其发展。因此，阐明HOR在酸性和碱性介质中的催化机理对于构建高活性和稳定的催化剂具有重要意义。就实用性而言，Pt仍然是燃料电池商业化的首选。在此基础上，我们首先介绍了用于描述HOR活性以及pH依赖性的氢结合能理论和双功能理论。在那之后，从活性描述符的角度对Pt基HOR催化剂的合理设计策略进行了系统的分类和总结。此外，我们进一步强调了理论模拟和原位表征揭示了HOR机理，这对于催化剂的合理设计至关重要。此外，还介绍了Pt基HOR催化剂在燃料电池中的实际应用。最后，讨论了HOR催化剂当前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。该综述将为探索高效HOR催化剂的机理和燃料电池的发展提供深刻的认识。