Common strategies for catalytic graphitization of biochar into graphitic porous carbon (GPC) still face great challenges, such as the realization of simple procedures, energy conservation, and green processes. Controlling over the graphitization degree and pore structure of biochar is the key to its structural diversification. Herein, a clean and energy-efficient method is developed to synthesize adjustable graphitic degree and structure porosity GPC from rice husk-based carbon (RHC) at a relatively low temperature of 800–1000 °C with environment-benign organometallic catalyst ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt (EDTA-iron) and the recovery ratio of catalyst is as high as 97%. The formed by the organic ligands of EDTA-iron facilitates the etching of RHC surface and pore by iron, resulting in highly graphitized and developed porous GPCs. The pore structure and graphitization degree of GPCs can be adjusted by altering the catalyst loading, temperature, and holding time. The catalyst EDTA-iron with a lower concentration mainly plays the role of etching, which promotes the formation of porous carbon with larger surface area (S_BET = 1187.2 m²·g⁻¹). The catalyst with higher concentration mainly plays the role of catalyzing graphitization and promotes the obtaining of graphitic carbon with high graphitization degree (I_D/I_G = 0.19). The mechanism of EDTA-iron catalyzed graphitization of RHC is explored by the comprehensive analysis of BET, XRD, Raman, TEM and TGA. This research not only provides an efficient method for the preparation of high-quality biomass-based graphite carbon, but also provides a feasible method for the preparation of biomass-based porous carbon.

将生物炭催化石墨化成石墨多孔碳（GPC）的常用策略仍然面临着巨大的挑战，例如实现简单的程序、节能和绿色工艺。控制生物炭的石墨化程度和孔隙结构是其结构多样化的关键。本文开发了一种清洁、节能的方法，以环境友好的有机金属催化剂乙二胺四乙酸铁钠为原料，在800-1000℃的较低温度下，以稻壳基碳（RHC）为原料合成可调节石墨度和结构孔隙率的GPC。盐（EDTA-铁），催化剂回收率高达97%。EDTA-铁的有机配体形成的有机配体有利于铁对RHC表面和孔的蚀刻，从而产生高度石墨化和发达的多孔GPC。GPC的孔结构和石墨化程度可以通过改变催化剂负载量、温度和保持时间来调节。浓度较低的催化剂EDTA-铁主要起蚀刻作用，促进形成较大表面积的多孔碳( S _BET  = 1187.2 m ² ·g ^-1 )。_{较高浓度的催化剂主要起催化石墨化的作用，促进}获得高石墨化度（ID / IG  =0.19）的石墨碳。通过BET、XRD、Raman、TEM和TGA综合分析，探讨了EDTA-铁催化RHC石墨化的机理。该研究不仅为高质量生物质基石墨炭的制备提供了一种有效的方法，也为生物质基多孔炭的制备提供了可行的方法。