基于纳米材料的纳米酶的配方、催化活性和生物医学应用的最新进展,ACS Applied Bio Materials

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基于纳米材料的纳米酶的配方、催化活性和生物医学应用的最新进展
ACS Applied Bio Materials ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 , DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00253
Swati Singh ₁ , Nilesh Rai ₁ , Harshita Tiwari ₁ , Priyamvada Gupta ₁ , Ashish Verma ₁ , Rajiv Kumar ₁ , Vikas Kailashiya ₂ , Prafull Salvi ₃ , Vibhav Gautam ₁

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纳米酶是具有内在模拟酶特性的纳米颗粒，由于它们克服了与稳定性、成本和储存相关的缺点，能够超越传统酶，因此变得更加普遍。纳米酶具有操纵天然酶活性位点的潜力，这就是为什么它们被认为是作为酶模拟物的有希望的候选者。几种基于显微镜和光谱学的技术已被用于纳米酶的表征。迄今为止，已经设计了多种纳米酶，包括过氧化氢酶、氧化酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶，以有效模拟天然酶。纳米酶的活性可以通过调节纳米酶的结构和形态方面来控制。纳米酶具有多方面的优点，这就是它们在生物医学领域被大规模开发应用的原因。纳米酶的多功能性有助于监测和治疗癌症、其他神经退行性疾病和代谢紊乱。由于纳米酶的显着优势，该领域的研究取得了重大进展。尽管多种纳米酶可作为天然酶的有效模拟物，但它们的活性和特异性并不理想，并且出于分析目的，它们的多样化仍有空间。通过专门技术设计对一种或多种底物敏感的多种纳米酶系统一直是深入研究的主题。因此，我们相信，刺激响应性纳米酶可以通过融合纳米酶系统的催化活性和固有纳米材料特性，为诊断和治疗开辟途径。

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Recent Advancements in the Formulation of Nanomaterials-Based Nanozymes, Their Catalytic Activity, and Biomedical Applications

Nanozymes are nanoparticles with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking properties that have become more prevalent because of their ability to outperform conventional enzymes by overcoming their drawbacks related to stability, cost, and storage. Nanozymes have the potential to manipulate active sites of natural enzymes, which is why they are considered promising candidates to function as enzyme mimetics. Several microscopy- and spectroscopy-based techniques have been used for the characterization of nanozymes. To date, a wide range of nanozymes, including catalase, oxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, have been designed to effectively mimic natural enzymes. The activity of nanozymes can be controlled by regulating the structural and morphological aspects of the nanozymes. Nanozymes have multifaceted benefits, which is why they are exploited on a large scale for their application in the biomedical sector. The versatility of nanozymes aids in monitoring and treating cancer, other neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Due to the compelling advantages of nanozymes, significant research advancements have been made in this area. Although a wide range of nanozymes act as potent mimetics of natural enzymes, their activity and specificities are suboptimal, and there is still room for their diversification for analytical purposes. Designing diverse nanozyme systems that are sensitive to one or more substrates through specialized techniques has been the subject of an in-depth study. Hence, we believe that stimuli-responsive nanozymes may open avenues for diagnosis and treatment by fusing the catalytic activity and intrinsic nanomaterial properties of nanozyme systems.

更新日期：2023-08-17

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