Depression is caused by a variety of factors such as genetic factors, biological factors, and psychosocial factors, and the pathogenesis is complex. RNA methylations and related downstream signaling pathways influence a variety of biological mechanisms, including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, sex determination, and stress response. In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science, National Library of Science and Technology (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the biological roles of RNA methylations and their impact on the pathological mechanisms of depression. RNA methylations play a key role in the development of many diseases, and current research shows that RNA methylations are also closely linked to depression. RNA methylations in depression mainly involve “writers” (mediating the methylation modification process of RNAs), “erasers” (mediating the demethylation modification process of RNA methylation). Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) influences the development of depression by increasing body mass index (BMI), decreases the dopamine level, inhibits the adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2)-c-Myc-sirt1 pathway, results in the m6A/m6Am dysregulation in brain, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The study of RNA methylations in depression has further deepened our understanding of the pathogenesis and development process of depression, provides new perspectives for the study of the pathological mechanism of depression, and provides new targets for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

抑郁症是由遗传因素、生物因素、心理社会因素等多种因素引起的，发病机制复杂。RNA甲基化和相关下游信号通路影响多种生物机制，包括细胞分化、肿瘤发生、性别决定和应激反应。在这项工作中，我们检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、国家科学技术图书馆 (NSTL) 和 ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) 数据库，总结了 RNA 甲基化的生物学作用及其对抑郁症病理机制的影响。RNA甲基化在许多疾病的发生发展中发挥着关键作用，目前的研究表明RNA甲基化也与抑郁症密切相关。抑郁症中的RNA甲基化主要涉及“书写者”（介导RNA甲基化修饰过程）、“擦除者”（介导RNA甲基化去甲基化修饰过程）。脂肪量和肥胖相关 (FTO) 通过增加体重指数 (BMI) 影响抑郁症的发展，降低多巴胺水平，抑制肾上腺素受体 β 2 (ADRB2)-c-Myc-sirt1 通路，导致 m6A/m6Am 失调存在于大脑中，可能参与抑郁症的发病机制。抑郁症RNA甲基化的研究进一步加深了我们对抑郁症发病机制和发展过程的认识，为抑郁症病理机制的研究提供了新的视角，也为该病的防治提供了新的靶点。