This paper assesses various approaches that use captured greenhouse gases (GHG) as feedstocks for chemical synthesis. The analysis focuses mainly on the two most abundant anthropogenic GHG, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), as well, their conversion technologies to obtain methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). These GHG conversions to chemicals technologies are compared with the conventional industrial methods based on fossil feedstocks. The essential information, such as the ranges of energy requirements, environmental footprint and economic production aspects, are summarised. According to the collected information and analysis, the conventional, non-GHG conversion methods are still more environmentally sustainable. Chemicals production technologies based on CO2, such as direct catalytic synthesis to obtain both MeOH and FA, as well as transesterification with MeOH to obtain DMC, are relatively good candidates for implementation on a large scale when a good source of co-reactants such as hydrogen, ethylene carbonate and urea will be provided. In turn, electrochemical methods to synthesise the target chemicals are less feasible due to energy consumption related to the concentration and purification stages of products being the main hotspots. Chemical synthesis based on captured CH4 is currently difficult to evaluate as too little information is available to draw a credible conclusion. However, it may be a trend in future. The limitations of GHG-based conversion for application are related to the capture and transport stages.

中文翻译：

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环境足迹以及将温室气体物种转化为增值化学品的影响：综述

本文评估了使用捕获的温室气体 (GHG) 作为化学合成原料的各种方法。分析主要集中在两种最丰富的人为温室气体，例如二氧化碳 (CO2）和甲烷（CH4），以及获得甲醇（MeOH）、甲酸（FA）和碳酸二甲酯（DMC）的转化技术。将这些温室气体转化为化学品的技术与基于化石原料的传统工业方法进行了比较。总结了能源需求范围、环境足迹和经济生产方面等基本信息。根据收集的信息和分析，传统的非温室气体转化方法仍然更具环境可持续性。基于CO的化学品生产技术2当氢气、碳酸亚乙酯和尿素等共反应物来源良好时，直接催化合成获得 MeOH 和 FA，以及与 MeOH 酯交换获得 DMC 等，是大规模实施的相对较好的候选方法。提供。反过来，由于与产品浓缩和纯化阶段相关的能源消耗是主要热点，合成目标化学品的电化学方法不太可行。基于捕获的 CH 的化学合成4目前很难评估，因为可用信息太少，无法得出可信的结论。不过，这可能是未来的一个趋势。基于温室气体的转化应用的局限性与捕获和运输阶段有关。