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Electrically Tunable Reflective Metasurfaces with Continuous and Full-Phase Modulation for High-Efficiency Wavefront Control at Visible Frequencies
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04071 Parikshit Moitra 1 , Xuewu Xu 1 , Rasna Maruthiyodan Veetil 1 , Xinan Liang 1 , Tobias W W Mass 1 , Arseniy I Kuznetsov 1 , Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez 1
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04071 Parikshit Moitra 1 , Xuewu Xu 1 , Rasna Maruthiyodan Veetil 1 , Xinan Liang 1 , Tobias W W Mass 1 , Arseniy I Kuznetsov 1 , Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez 1
Affiliation
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All-dielectric optical metasurfaces can locally control the amplitude and phase of light at the nanoscale, enabling arbitrary wavefront shaping. However, lack of postfabrication tunability has limited the true potential of metasurfaces for many applications. Here, we utilize a thin liquid crystal (LC) layer as a tunable medium surrounding the metasurface to achieve a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) with high reflection in the visible frequency, exhibiting active and continuous resonance tuning with associated 2π phase control and uncoupled amplitude. Dynamic wavefront shaping is demonstrated by programming 96 individually addressable electrodes with a small pixel pitch of ∼1 μm. The small pixel size is facilitated by the reduced LC thickness, strongly suppressing cross-talk among pixels. This device is used to demonstrate dynamic beam steering with a wide field-of-view and high absolute diffraction efficiencies. We believe that our demonstration may help realize next-generation, high-resolution SLMs, with wide applications in dynamic holography, tunable optics, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), to mention a few.
中文翻译：
具有连续全相位调制的电可调反射超表面，可在可见光频率下实现高效波前控制
全电介质光学超表面可以在纳米尺度上局部控制光的振幅和相位，从而实现任意波前整形。然而，缺乏制造后可调谐性限制了超表面在许多应用中的真正潜力。在这里，我们利用薄液晶 (LC) 层作为超表面周围的可调谐介质，以实现在可见频率下具有高反射率的纯相位空间光调制器 (SLM)，并通过相关的 2π 相位控制表现出主动和连续的谐振调谐和非耦合幅度。通过对 96 个具有约 1 μm 小像素间距的可单独寻址电极进行编程来演示动态波前整形。液晶厚度的减小有助于减小像素尺寸，从而强烈抑制像素之间的串扰。该设备用于演示具有宽视场和高绝对衍射效率的动态光束控制。我们相信，我们的演示可能有助于实现下一代高分辨率 SLM，并在动态全息术、可调谐光学器件以及光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 等领域得到广泛应用。
更新日期：2023-08-16
中文翻译：
具有连续全相位调制的电可调反射超表面，可在可见光频率下实现高效波前控制
全电介质光学超表面可以在纳米尺度上局部控制光的振幅和相位，从而实现任意波前整形。然而，缺乏制造后可调谐性限制了超表面在许多应用中的真正潜力。在这里，我们利用薄液晶 (LC) 层作为超表面周围的可调谐介质，以实现在可见频率下具有高反射率的纯相位空间光调制器 (SLM)，并通过相关的 2π 相位控制表现出主动和连续的谐振调谐和非耦合幅度。通过对 96 个具有约 1 μm 小像素间距的可单独寻址电极进行编程来演示动态波前整形。液晶厚度的减小有助于减小像素尺寸，从而强烈抑制像素之间的串扰。该设备用于演示具有宽视场和高绝对衍射效率的动态光束控制。我们相信，我们的演示可能有助于实现下一代高分辨率 SLM，并在动态全息术、可调谐光学器件以及光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 等领域得到广泛应用。
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