Indocyanine green (ICG) is an important kind of near infrared (NIR) photosensitive molecules for PTT/PDT therapy as well as imaging. When exposed to NIR light, ICG can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can kill cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the absorbed light can also be converted into heat by ICG molecules to eliminate cancer cells. In addition, it performs exceptionally well in optical imaging-guided tumor therapy and antimicrobial therapy due to its deeper tissue penetration and low photobleaching properties in the near-infrared region compared to other dyes. In order to solve the problems of water and optical stability and multi-function problem of ICG molecules, composite nanomaterials based on ICG have been designed and widely used, especially in the fields of tumors and sterilization. So far, ICG molecules and their composite materials have become one of the most famous infrared sensitive materials. However, there have been no corresponding review articles focused on ICG molecules. In this review, the molecular structure and properties of ICG, composite material design, and near-infrared light- triggered anti-tumor, and antibacterial, and clinical applications are reviewed in detail, which of great significance for related research.

中文翻译：

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近红外光敏吲哚菁绿分子的医学应用及进展

吲哚菁绿（ICG）是一种重要的近红外（NIR）光敏分子，用于PTT/PDT治疗和成像。当暴露于近红外光时，ICG 可以产生活性氧 (ROS)，可以杀死癌细胞和致病菌。而且，吸收的光还可以被ICG分子转化为热量，从而消灭癌细胞。此外，与其他染料相比，它具有更深的组织渗透性和近红外区域的低光漂白特性，因此在光学成像引导的肿瘤治疗和抗菌治疗中表现出色。为了解决ICG分子的水稳定性和光学稳定性以及多功能问题，基于ICG的复合纳米材料被设计出来并得到广泛应用，特别是在肿瘤和灭菌领域。迄今为止，ICG分子及其复合材料已成为最著名的红外敏感材料之一。然而，目前还没有针对ICG分子的相应综述文章。本文对ICG的分子结构与性能、复合材料设计、近红外光触发抗肿瘤、抗菌及临床应用等方面进行了详细综述，对相关研究具有重要意义。