In this study, we employed a straightforward and rapid one-step electrodeposition method to enhance modify an Au/NiO/Rh composite on laser-induced graphene (LIG) for nitrite (NO₂^–) detection. We extensively characterized and tested the morphological composition and electrochemical properties of the electrode using scanning electron microscopy and other characterization techniques. To compare the electrochemical active surface areas of the electrode before and after modification, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments. Additionally, we confirmed the changes in electron transfer performance and adsorption energy of the modified electrode through by density functional theory calculations. The experimental results demonstrate that the combined modification of LIG with rhodium nanoparticles (RhNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) improves electron transport ability at the electrode interface and enhances the electrode's electrocatalytic performance. The incorporation of nickel oxide (NiO) also provides a larger reaction area and more active sites for NO₂^– detection. The synergistic effects of these three modified components significantly enhance NO₂^– detection at the electrode, surpassing the performance of the bimetallic modified electrode. Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibits a linear range of 1 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L and a detection limit of 0.3 μmol/L. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates excellent anti-interference and repeatability properties. We successfully applied the sensor for determination of NO₂^– in tap water, yielding satisfactory results. This research presents a promising strategy for the portable, sensitive, and in-situ detection of NO₂^– in water environments using metal-based electrochemical sensors.

在这项研究中，我们采用了一种简单快速的一步电沉积方法来增强激光诱导石墨烯 (LIG) 上的 Au/NiO/Rh 复合材料的亚硝酸盐 (NO ₂ ^–）检测。我们使用扫描电子显微镜和其他表征技术广泛表征和测试了电极的形态组成和电化学性能。为了比较修饰前后电极的电化学活性表面积，我们进行了循环伏安实验。此外，我们通过密度泛函理论计算证实了修饰电极的电子传递性能和吸附能的变化。实验结果表明，LIG与纳米铑（RhNPs）和纳米金（AuNPs）的联合修饰改善了电极界面的电子传输能力，增强了电极的电催化性能。₂ ^–检测。这三种修饰成分的协同效应显着增强了电极上NO ₂ ^{-的检测，超越了双金属修饰电极的性能。}在优化的实验条件下，传感器的线性范围为1 μmol/L至1 mmol/L，检测限为0.3 μmol/L。此外，该传感器还表现出优异的抗干扰性和重复性特性。我们成功地将传感器应用于自来水中NO ₂ ^{-的测定，取得了满意的结果。}这项研究提出了一种有前景的便携式、灵敏、原位检测 NO _2的策略^–在水环境中使用金属基电化学传感器。