Abstract—

This publication reviews principal recent studies of the earliest solid material in the Solar System: refractory objects, which include Ca,Al inclusions (CAIs), some chondrules, and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs), with more attention paid to Ca,Al inclusions. We do not consider the ices because they do not belong to stony material, and do not consider the presolar grains that were already present in the Solar System when it was formed and were preserved in the primitive chondrites material. The review consists of an introduction, several chapters, a conclusion, a list of references, and a list of special abbreviations. Additional material is published in the Supplementary. The reference list presents the results of previous studies conducted over the past 50 years and highlights the new challenges facing researchers in the study of CAIs, then describes the most modern methods of study and approaches, the results on the chronology of the processes of the early Solar System, morphology, mineralogy, and petrography of new, little-studied representatives of CAIs from various types of chondrite material (CV3 and CH–CB), isotopic and geochemical characteristics of these objects, including REE distribution in ultrarefractory CAIs. One chapter is devoted to the search for genetic relationships between the types of CAIs and the study of the main processes that formed CAIs; this chapter also reviews results of theoretical modeling and experimental studies of the evaporation process. The conclusion summarizes principal conclusions drawn from the data and summarizes the principal results of the long-term study of refractory objects in chondrites.

中文翻译：

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早期太阳系中形成的第一种固体材料的主要研究：回顾

摘要——

本出版物回顾了太阳系中最早的固体物质的主要最新研究：难熔物体，其中包括钙铝夹杂物（CAI）、一些球粒和变形虫橄榄石聚集体（AOA），其中更多关注的是钙铝夹杂物。我们不考虑冰，因为它们不属于石质物质，也不考虑太阳系形成时已经存在并保存在原始球粒陨石材料中的太阳前颗粒。综述由引言、几个章节、结论、参考文献列表和特殊缩写列表组成。补充材料中发布了其他材料。参考文献列表展示了过去 50 年来进行的研究结果，并强调了研究人员在 CAI 研究中面临的新挑战，然后描述了最现代的研究方法和方法、早期太阳系过程的年代学结果、形态学、矿物学和来自各种类型球粒陨石材料（CV3 和 CH）的新的、很少研究的 CAI 代表的岩相学–CB），这些物体的同位素和地球化学特征，包括超难熔 CAI 中的 REE 分布。其中有一章致力于寻找 CAI 类型之间的遗传关系，并研究形成 CAI 的主要过程；本章还回顾了蒸发过程的理论模型和实验研究的结果。结论总结了从数据中得出的主要结论，并总结了球粒陨石中难熔物体的长期研究的主要结果。