From the perspective of aeronautical engineers, this paper gives a systematical summary of the technical aspects of bird flight that should be considered in the analysis and design of flapping unmanned and micro air vehicles (UAVs and MAVs). The relevant aspects include the scaling laws, avian wing geometry, avian wing kinematics, aerodynamics models, computations, and special topics. Instead of extensively and uniformly reviewing a wide range of materials studied by avian biologists, we focus on the analytical and semi-analytical models and quantitative data as the useful guidelines for the design of flapping UAVs and MAVs.

中文翻译：

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鸟类飞行的工程学视角：尺度、几何、运动学和空气动力学

本文从航空工程师的角度，系统总结了扑翼无人机和微型飞行器（UAV和MAV）分析和设计时应考虑的鸟类飞行技术问题。相关方面包括比例定律、鸟类机翼几何形状、鸟类机翼运动学、空气动力学模型、计算和专题。我们没有广泛而统一地审查鸟类生物学家研究的各种材料，而是专注于分析和半分析模型以及定量数据，作为扑翼无人机和微型飞行器设计的有用指南。