Investigating the effect of non-native herbivore species in the new areas is vital for understanding their effects on native crops and the interactions that the newly arrived species have with any natural native herbivores and predatory species. The pistachio-seed wasp Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) is an invasive species on pistachio groves in Sicily, southern Italy; thus, the current study investigated its effects on pistachio crops and the native pistachio-seed wasp Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae). The results showed that fruits in Pistacia vera pistachio groves were infested only with E. plotnikovi, which had been able to replace M. pistaciae after only a decade. Female E. plotnikovi emerge between May and June, but the males are rarely seen. No natural enemies were detected for E. plotnikovi in the study sites, highlighting an important phytosanitary issue for pistachio nut production in Sicily.

研究新地区非本地草食动物物种的影响对于了解它们对本地作物的影响以及新到达的物种与任何天然本地草食动物和掠食性物种的相互作用至关重要。开心果种子黄蜂Eurytomaplotnikovi Nikol'skaya（膜翅目：Eurytomidae）是意大利南部西西里岛开心果林的入侵物种；因此，当前的研究调查了它对开心果作物和本地开心果种子黄蜂Megastigmus pistaciae Walker（膜翅目：Megastigmidae）的影响。结果表明，开心果林中的果实只受到E.plotnikovi的侵染，而E.plotnikovi已经能够取代M.pistaciae 。仅仅十年后。雌性E.plotnikovi在 5 月至 6 月之间出现，但雄性很少见。在研究地点没有检测到E.plotnikovi天敌，这凸显了西西里岛开心果生产的一个重要植物检疫问题。