Microbubbles are 10–100-μm bubbles with unique properties that find applications in chemical reactions, water aeration, sewage purification, biomedicine, skincare, and mineral flotation. Here, we review microbubbles with focus on basics, analysis, preparation, and applications. Microbubbles preparation can be done by lowering the pressure, by breaking the gas phase, or by electrochemistry. We present applications for improving gas–liquid reactions, wastewater treatment, mineral flotation, drug delivery, drinks, hyperoxia therapy, aquaculture, and agriculture. Industrial use of microbubbles is actually limited by the preparation of stable and uniformly sized microbubbles at large scale.

微气泡是具有独特性质的 10–100 μm 气泡，可应用于化学反应、水曝气、污水净化、生物医学、护肤和矿物浮选。在这里，我们重点回顾微泡的基础知识、分析、制备和应用。微泡的制备可以通过降低压力、破坏气相或通过电化学来完成。我们展示了改善气液反应、废水处理、矿物浮选、药物输送、饮料、高氧疗法、水产养殖和农业的应用。微泡的工业应用实际上受到大规模制备稳定且尺寸均匀的微泡的限制。