The polarity and viscosity of the microenvironment are associated with the control of the onset and progression of pathological diseases, including inflammation, immuno-suppression and cancer. If appropriate treatment is neglected, alcoholic acute liver injury (AALI), the initial sign of alcoholic liver diseases, may transform into hepatic lesions. Therefore, it's crucial to create a particular probe to detect AALI swiftly and track its progression. Herein a polarity and viscosity dual-responsive crimson fluorescent probe (PPBI) was designed and developed, which can target mitochondria and lipid droplets. PPBI possesses aggregation-induced emission properties, good photostability and strong anti-interference ability against pH, metal ions, anions and biomolecules. This probe can distinguish cancer cells from normal ones using changes of green and red fluorescence, as well as identify changes in the cellular microenvironment associated with inflammatory and ferroptosis processes. In addition, changes in polarity and viscosity can be amplified by in vivo imaging in a mouse model to monitor alcohol-induced acute liver injury and to effectively detect the course of pharmacological intervention therapy. All the results suggest that PPBI could be a promising real-time fluorescence imaging tool for diagnosis and treatment of acute alcoholic liver injury.

微环境的极性和粘度与控制炎症、免疫抑制和癌症等病理疾病的发生和进展有关。如果忽视适当的治疗，酒精性急性肝损伤（AALI）（酒精性肝病的最初症状）可能会转化为肝脏病变。因此，创建一种特殊的探针来快速检测 AALI 并跟踪其进展至关重要。本文设计并开发了一种极性和粘度双响应的深红色荧光探针（PPBI ），它可以靶向线粒体和脂滴。PPBI具有聚集诱导发光特性、良好的光稳定性以及较强的抗pH、金属离子、阴离子和生物分子干扰能力。该探针可以利用绿色和红色荧光的变化将癌细胞与正常细胞区分开来，并识别与炎症和铁死亡过程相关的细胞微环境的变化。此外，通过小鼠模型体内成像可以放大极性和粘度的变化，以监测酒精引起的急性肝损伤并有效检测药物干预治疗的过程。所有结果表明，PPBI 可能成为一种有前途的实时荧光成像工具，用于诊断和治疗急性酒精性肝损伤。