Fusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals, is one of the most devastating fungal diseases by causing great yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. A major bioactive ingredient, venturicidin A (VentA), was isolated from Streptomyces pratensis S10 mycelial extract with an activity-guided approach. No report is available on antifungal activity of VentA against F. graminearum and effects on deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis. Here, VentA showed a high antagonistic activity toward F. graminearum with an EC₅₀ value of 3.69 μg/mL. As observed by scanning electron microscopy, after exposure to VentA, F. graminearum conidia and mycelia appeared abnormal. Different dyes staining revealed that VentA increased cell membrane permeability. In growth chamber and field trials, VentA effectively reduced disease severity of FHB. Moreover, VentA inhibited DON biosynthesis by reducing pyruvic acid, acetyl-CoA production, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and then inhibiting trichothecene (TRI) genes expression and toxisome formation. These results suggest that VentA is a potential fungicide for controlling FHB.

中文翻译：

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Venturicidin A 是一种潜在的杀菌剂，通过影响脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇生物合成、毒素体形成和线粒体结构来控制赤霉病

禾谷镰刀菌 (Fusarium graminearum )会引起谷物赤霉病 (FHB)，是最具破坏性的真菌病害之一，会造成巨大的产量损失和霉菌毒素污染。采用活性引导方法从草地链霉菌S10 菌丝体提取物中分离出主要生物活性成分文丘里菌素 A (VentA) 。目前还没有关于 VentA 对禾谷镰刀菌的抗真菌活性以及对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 生物合成的影响的报告。在此，VentA对禾谷镰刀菌表现出高拮抗活性，EC ₅₀值为3.69 μg/mL。扫描电镜观察发现，接触VentA后，禾谷镰刀菌的分生孢子和菌丝体出现异常。不同的染料染色显示 VentA 增加了细胞膜的通透性。在生长室和现场试验中，VentA 有效降低了 FHB 疾病的严重程度。此外，VentA 通过减少丙酮酸、乙酰辅酶 A 的产生和活性氧 (ROS) 的积累来抑制 DON 生物合成，然后抑制单端孢菌烯 ( TRI ) 基因表达和毒物体形成。这些结果表明，VentA 是一种潜在的控制 FHB 的杀菌剂。