The Tibetan Plateau (TP) impacts local and remote atmospheric circulations, wherein it mechanically and thermally affects air masses or airflows. Moreover, the TP provides a key channel for substance transport between the troposphere and the stratosphere. This study reviews recent advances in research regarding land–atmosphere coupling processes over the TP. The TP experiences climate warming and wetting. Climate warming has caused glacier retreat, permafrost degradation, and a general increase in vegetation density, while climate wetting has led to a significant increase in the number of major lakes, primarily through increased precipitation. Local and regional climates are affected by interactions between the land and the atmosphere. Namely, the TP drives surface pollutants to the upper troposphere in an Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone circulation, before spreading to the lower stratosphere. Further, the thermal forcing of the TP plays an essential role in the ASM. TP forcing can modulate hemispheric-scale atmospheric circulations across all seasons. The TP interacts with remote oceans through a forced atmospheric response and is substantially affected by the evolution of the Earth's climate via promoting Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and eliminating Pacific meridional overturning circulation. The extensive influence of the TP is facilitated by its coupling with the ASM in the summer; whereas its winter influence on climate mainly occurs through Rossby waves. The observed increasing trends of temperature and precipitation over the TP are projected to continue throughout the 21st century.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原陆地表面和大气过程对全球气候的影响

青藏高原（TP）影响局部和远程大气环流，其中它对气团或气流产生机械和热影响。此外，青藏高原还为对流层和平流层之间的物质运输提供了关键通道。本研究回顾了青藏高原陆地-大气耦合过程的最新研究进展。青藏高原经历气候变暖和湿润。气候变暖导致冰川退缩、永久冻土退化和植被密度普遍增加，而气候湿润则导致主要湖泊数量显着增加，这主要是由于降水量增加。当地和区域气候受到土地和大气之间相互作用的影响。即，在亚洲夏季季风（ASM）反气旋环流中，青藏高原将表面污染物驱动到对流层上层，然后扩散到平流层下层。此外，TP 的热强迫在 ASM 中起着至关重要的作用。TP强迫可以调节所有季节的半球尺度大气环流。青藏高原通过强迫大气响应与遥远的海洋相互作用，并通过促进大西洋经向翻转环流和消除太平洋经向翻转环流而受到地球气候演变的显着影响。夏季青藏高原与反热带风暴的耦合促进了青藏高原的广泛影响；而冬季对气候的影响主要是通过罗斯贝波来实现的。