Bioaerosols generated from sludge treatment processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may spread infectious diseases. This study investigated the generation characteristics, source, and associated risks of bioaerosols produced during sludge treatment processes. The results showed that the concentration range of total suspended particles was 49 ± 3 to 354 ± 10 μg/m³, and the primary water-soluble ions in bioaerosols were NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻ and Cl⁻. The bacterial concentration in bioaerosols was 50 ± 5 to 1296 ± 261 CFU/m³, with the highest concentration in the biochemical reaction tank. The dominant bacteria in bioaerosols included Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Romboutsia, Lactobacillus and Turicibacter, while the dominant fungi were Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia and Aspergillus were detected in all treatment processes. The results of principal component analysis showed that the bacterial composition in bioaerosols was similar of different technological processes, while the fungal species composition was different. The dominant microbial composition of sludge and bioaerosols was relatively close. The Source Tracker results indicated that sludge was the main source of airborne bacteria in the sludge dewatering house, as well as the main source of airborne fungi in the plate-frame pressure filtration tank and the sloping plate sedimentation tank. The non-carcinogenic risk in each stage was low (1.22 × 10⁻⁹–3.99 × 10⁻²). However, Bugbase phenotype prediction results showed that the bioaerosols in the anaerobic sedimentation tank may have potential pathogenicity. Therefore, the management and control of bioaerosols from the sludge treatment should be strengthened.

废水处理厂 (WWTP) 污泥处理过程中产生的生物气溶胶可能传播传染病。本研究调查了污泥处理过程中产生的生物气溶胶的产生特征、来源和相关风险。结果表明，总悬浮颗粒物浓度范围为49±3～354±10μg/m ³，生物气溶胶中主要水溶性离子为NH ₄ ⁺、SO ₄ ²⁻和Cl ^-。生物气溶胶中细菌浓度为50±5～1296±261 CFU/m ³，生化反应池中细菌浓度最高。生物气溶胶中的优势细菌为拟杆菌属、鲸杆菌属、Romboutsia、乳杆菌属和图里奇杆菌属，优势真菌为曲霉属、链格孢属、枝孢属和镰刀菌属。所有处理过程均检出大肠杆菌、曲霉菌等病原微生物。主成分分析结果表明，不同工艺流程生物气溶胶中细菌组成相似，而真菌种类组成不同。污泥和生物气溶胶的优势微生物组成较为接近。源头追踪结果表明，污泥是污泥脱水间空气细菌的主要来源，也是板框压滤池和斜板沉淀池空气真菌的主要来源。各阶段非致癌风险较低（1.22 × 10 ^-9 –3.99 × 10 ^-2）。但Bugbase表型预测结果表明，厌氧沉淀池内的生物气溶胶可能具有潜在的致病性。因此，应加强污泥处理生物气溶胶的管控。