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3D Printing of Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Materials with High Performance and Shape Controllability
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08116 Qiujun Hu 1 , Ding Luo 2, 3 , Junbiao Guo 4 , Wenbin Qiu 4
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08116 Qiujun Hu 1 , Ding Luo 2, 3 , Junbiao Guo 4 , Wenbin Qiu 4
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Thermoelectric (TE) energy conversion technology provides a promising way to improve the efficiency of fossil energy by generating electricity from low-grade waste heat. With regard to these applications, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) should be designed from system integration perspectives to simultaneously improve heat transfer efficiency and system simplification as well as the robust mechanical properties. However, typical TEGs fabricated by conventional methods barely accomplish such requirements. Herein, high-quality TEGs were assembled by combining the well-flowable spherical bismuth telluride (BT) powdered precursors and selective laser melting (SLM) technology. By optimizing the electronic and phonon transport properties through defect engineering driven by 3D printing, a high figure of merit was accomplished for 1.27 (p-type) and 1.13 (n-type) in BT. This achievement is primarily attributed to the nonequilibrium solidification mechanism, which leads to the formation of multiscale defects during the 3D printing process. The introduction of these multiscale defects enables the effective scattering of wide frequency phonons, leading to a substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, robust mechanical properties were obtained in the printed p-type/n-type BT TE materials parallel to the building direction (BD) with a compressive strength reaching 257/250 MPa by employing the fine grain structure and the high density of nanotwins introduced during the SLM process. A well shape-controllable and high-performance TEG was designed using 3D-printed BT half-rings, and an output power of 134 mW was achieved at a temperature gradient of 38.9 °C. Our study opens a new route for the great potential of TE materials based on standard commercial SLM 3D printing technology for low-grade waste heat emitted from structures with heterogeneous shapes.
中文翻译：
高性能、形状可控的 Bi2Te3 基热电材料 3D 打印
热电（TE）能量转换技术提供了一种通过低品位废热发电来提高化石能源效率的有前途的方法。对于这些应用，热电发电机（TEG）应从系统集成的角度进行设计，以同时提高传热效率和系统简化以及强大的机械性能。然而，通过传统方法制造的典型 TEG 几乎无法满足这样的要求。在此，通过结合流动性良好的球形碲化铋（BT）粉末前驱体和选择性激光熔化（SLM）技术来组装高质量的TEG。通过 3D 打印驱动的缺陷工程优化电子和声子传输特性，BT 中的 1.27（p 型）和 1.13（n 型）实现了高品质因数。这一成就主要归功于非平衡凝固机制，导致3D打印过程中形成多尺度缺陷。这些多尺度缺陷的引入使得宽频声子能够有效散射，从而导致晶格热导率大幅降低。同时，通过采用细晶粒结构和引入的高密度纳米孪晶，打印的p型/n型BT TE材料在平行于构建方向（BD）的方向上获得了强大的机械性能，抗压强度达到257/250 MPa在 SLM 过程中。利用3D打印的BT半环设计了形状可控的高性能TEG，在38.9℃的温度梯度下实现了134mW的输出功率。我们的研究为基于标准商业 SLM 3D 打印技术的 TE 材料的巨大潜力开辟了一条新途径，用于处理异质形状结构发出的低品位废热。
更新日期：2023-08-07
中文翻译：
高性能、形状可控的 Bi2Te3 基热电材料 3D 打印
热电（TE）能量转换技术提供了一种通过低品位废热发电来提高化石能源效率的有前途的方法。对于这些应用，热电发电机（TEG）应从系统集成的角度进行设计，以同时提高传热效率和系统简化以及强大的机械性能。然而，通过传统方法制造的典型 TEG 几乎无法满足这样的要求。在此，通过结合流动性良好的球形碲化铋（BT）粉末前驱体和选择性激光熔化（SLM）技术来组装高质量的TEG。通过 3D 打印驱动的缺陷工程优化电子和声子传输特性，BT 中的 1.27（p 型）和 1.13（n 型）实现了高品质因数。这一成就主要归功于非平衡凝固机制，导致3D打印过程中形成多尺度缺陷。这些多尺度缺陷的引入使得宽频声子能够有效散射，从而导致晶格热导率大幅降低。同时，通过采用细晶粒结构和引入的高密度纳米孪晶，打印的p型/n型BT TE材料在平行于构建方向（BD）的方向上获得了强大的机械性能，抗压强度达到257/250 MPa在 SLM 过程中。利用3D打印的BT半环设计了形状可控的高性能TEG，在38.9℃的温度梯度下实现了134mW的输出功率。我们的研究为基于标准商业 SLM 3D 打印技术的 TE 材料的巨大潜力开辟了一条新途径，用于处理异质形状结构发出的低品位废热。
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