Telomere shortening is a biological aging hallmark. The effect of short telomere length may be targeted by increased physical activity to reduce the risk of multiple aging-related diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective was to assess the moderation effect of accelerometer-based physical activity (aPA) on the association between shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) relatively in the population sample and incident CHD. Data were from the UK Biobank participants with well-calibrated accelerometer data for at least 6.5 days (n = 54,180). Relative mean LTL at baseline (5–6 years prior to aPA assessment) was measured in T/S ratio, using a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology, by comparing the amount of the telomere amplification product (T) to that of a single-copy gene (S). aPA measures included total number of events (at least 10-s continued physical activity > 32 milligravities [mg]), total volume, mean duration, mean intensity, and peak intensity of all events. LTL, aPA measures, and their interactions were associated with incident CHD (mean follow-up 6.8 years) using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for covariates. Longer LTL (relative to the sample distribution) was associated with reduced incidence of CHD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.94 per standard deviation [SD] increase in LTL, [95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99], P = .010). Incidence of CHD was reduced by higher total volume of aPA (aHR = 0.82 per SD increase in LTL, [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.95], P = .010) but increased by higher total number of events (aHR = 1.11 per SD increase in LTL, [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.21], P = .020) after controlling for other aPA measures and covariates. However, none of the interactions between LTL and aPA measures was statistically significant (P = .171).

端粒缩短是生物衰老的标志。端粒长度短的影响可能通过增加身体活动来降低患多种衰老相关疾病的风险，包括冠心病 （CHD）。目的是评估基于加速度计的身体活动 （aPA） 对人群样本中相对较短的白细胞端粒长度 （LTL） 与新发 CHD 之间关联的调节作用。数据来自英国生物样本库参与者，具有至少 6.5 天 （n = 54,180） 的良好校准加速度计数据。使用多重定量聚合酶链反应 （qPCR） 技术，通过将端粒扩增产物 （T） 的量与单拷贝基因的量 （S） 进行比较，以 T/S 比率测量基线（aPA 评估前 5-6 年）的相对平均 LTL。aPA 测量包括事件总数 （至少 10 秒持续体力活动 > 32 毫重力 [mg]）、总体积、平均持续时间、平均强度和所有事件的峰值强度。LTL 、 aPA 测量及其交互作用与事件 CHD （平均随访 6.8 年） 相关，使用调整协变量的 Cox 比例风险模型。较长的 LTL （相对于样本分布） 与 CHD 发生率降低相关 （调整后的风险比 [aHR] = LTL 每标准差 [SD] 增加 0.94，[95% CI，0.90 至 0.99]，P = .010）。在控制其他 aPA 测量和协变量后，aPA 总体积增加 （aHR = LTL 每增加 0.82，[95% CI，0.71 至 0.95]，P = .010），但事件总数增加增加 （aHR = LTL 每增加 1.11，[95% CI，1.02 至 1.21]，P = .020）在控制其他 aPA 测量和协变量后。 然而，LTL 和 aPA 测量之间的交互作用均无统计学意义 （P = .171）。