Abstract

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated a decrease in post-release survival of angled Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during periods of warm water temperatures. Consequently, the application of water temperature-related fishery closures by resource managers is gaining interest. Here, the role of water temperature-related fishery closures in recreational Atlantic salmon fisheries is reviewed by (1) presenting a synopsis of factors that could influence the effectiveness of these fishery closures, (2) using novel fisheries and water temperature data from Eastern Canada, to illustrate how various closures can affect management outcomes, and (3) discussing alternative options for managers to implement such fishery closures. Results suggest there are a number of considerations when implementing a water temperature-related fishery closure. For populations meeting conservation requirements, results show that additional angling opportunities can occur at minimal conservation cost by applying morning-angling-only protocols in rivers during periods of reduced catch and release and moderately warm water temperatures. The impact on salmon populations, however, will be higher in situations where high catch and release rates overlap with warm water periods (e.g. when day-night water temperatures remain in excess of 20 °C or remain high during the summer) or occur over prolonged periods of extreme warm water temperatures. In situations where resource managers have few resources and need to implement water temperature-related fishery closures on a large spatial scale, it is recommended that strategically chosen index rivers to inform water temperature-related fishery closures are used. In rivers with healthy salmon populations, angling opportunities during periods of warm water could be considered if supported by enhanced monitoring (e.g., monitoring salmon abundance, spatially-structured water temperature data, and mandatory catch reporting (catch and effort)) that optimize tradeoffs between socio-economic benefits and conservation.

摘要

越来越多的证据表明，大西洋成角鲑鱼（ Salmo salar）放归后的存活率下降）在水温温暖的时期。因此，资源管理者应用与水温相关的渔业关闭越来越受到关注。在此，通过以下方式回顾了与水温相关的渔业关闭在大西洋鲑鱼休闲渔业中的作用：（1）概述了可能影响这些渔业关闭有效性的因素，（2）使用加拿大东部的新渔业和水温数据，以说明各种关闭活动如何影响管理结果，以及 (3) 讨论管理者实施此类渔业关闭的替代方案。结果表明，在实施与水温相关的渔业关闭时需要考虑多种因素。对于满足保护要求的种群，结果表明，在捕获和释放减少以及水温适度温暖的时期，通过在河流中应用仅限早晨钓鱼的协议，可以以最低的保护成本获得额外的钓鱼机会。然而，在高捕捞率和高释放率与暖水期重叠的情况下（例如，当昼夜水温保持在 20 °C 以上或夏季保持较高水平时）或发生时间较长的情况下，对鲑鱼种群的影响将会更大。水温极端温暖的时期。在资源管理者资源匮乏且需要在大空间范围内实施与水温相关的渔业禁渔的情况下，建议使用战略性选择的指标河流来告知与水温相关的渔业禁渔。在鲑鱼种群健康的河流中，