What explains why we are subjects for whom objects can have value, and what explains which objects have value for us? Axiologicians say that the value of humanity is the answer. I argue that our value, no matter what it is like, cannot perform this task. We are animals among others. An explanation of the value of objects for us must fit into an explanation of the value of objects for animals generally. Different objects have value for different animals. Those differences depend on differences in animal natures and, in particular, on the diverse characteristic capacities of different animals. Once we invoke animal natures, there is nothing for the value of animality, including the value of humanity, to explain.

中文翻译：

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善良的基础

什么解释了为什么我们是对象可以具有价值的主体，以及什么解释了哪些对象对我们有价值？价值论者说，人性的价值就是答案。我认为，我们的价值观，无论是什么样的，都无法完成这项任务。我们是动物之一。对物体对我们的价值的解释必须符合对物体对动物的一般价值的解释。不同的物体对不同的动物具有价值。这些差异取决于动物本性的差异，特别是不同动物的不同特征能力。一旦我们援引动物本性，动物性的价值，包括人性的价值，就没有什么可以解释的了。