Congo red (CR) dye, due to its structural stability and non-degradable nature, is hazardous for humans and the aquatic environment. Among various methods used for degradation of CR, photocatalysis have been widely reported as a cost effective and environment-friendly method. Besides, extensive studies have been carried out regarding the use of nanomaterial-based photocatalyst for degradation of CR. This review describes the basics of photocatalysis along with the factors affecting the process, mechanism, and kinetics in detail. Additionally, literature related to synthetic and bio-based stabilizing mediums in photocatalytic assemblies have been arranged in a systematic manner. Advanced hybrid materials, i.e., metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have also been described briefly. Future directions are discussed to address existing shortcomings in this field and also to expand research in this area.

中文翻译：

---

刚果红染料光催化废水处理综合评述

刚果红（CR）染料由于其结构稳定性和不可降解性，对人类和水生环境有害。在用于降解 CR 的各种方法中，光催化作为一种​​成本有效且环境友好的方法已被广泛报道。此外，关于使用基于纳米材料的光催化剂降解CR进行了广泛的研究。这篇综述详细描述了光催化的基础知识以及影响过程、机制和动力学的因素。此外，还系统地整理了与光催化组件中合成和生物基稳定介质相关的文献。还简要描述了先进的混合材料，即金属有机框架（MOF）。