Over the past two decades, significant progress in understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases has enabled the identification of compounds for more than 20 novel targets, which are approved or at various stages of development, finally facilitating a more targeted approach for the treatment of these disorders. Most of these newly identified pathogenic drivers of type 2 inflammation and their corresponding treatments are related to mast cells, eosinophils, T cells, B cells, epithelial cells and sensory nerves. Epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiomes represent exciting future drug targets for chronic type 2 inflammatory conditions. Here, we review common targets, current treatments and emerging therapies for the treatment of five major type 2 chronic inflammatory diseases — atopic dermatitis, chronic prurigo, chronic urticaria, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps — with a high need for targeted therapies. Unmet needs and future directions in the field are discussed.

在过去的二十年中，对 2 型慢性炎症性疾病发病机制的理解取得了重大进展，使得能够鉴定出 20 多个新靶点的化合物，这些靶点已获得批准或处于不同的开发阶段，最终促进了针对该疾病的更有针对性的方法。治疗这些疾病。大多数新发现的 2 型炎症致病驱动因素及其相应的治疗方法都与肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、T 细胞、B 细胞、上皮细胞和感觉神经有关。上皮屏障缺陷和失调微生物组代表了慢性 2 型炎症性疾病的令人兴奋的未来药物靶标。在这里，我们回顾了治疗五种主要 2 型慢性炎症性疾病（特应性皮炎、慢性痒疹、慢性荨麻疹、哮喘和慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉）的共同目标、当前治疗方法和新兴疗​​法，这些疾病非常需要靶向治疗。讨论了该领域未满足的需求和未来的方向。