This work proposed a strategy that the non-existent sulfide ZrO₂(MgO)-(CaO-Al₂O₃) solid electrolyte was designed by vacuum ion infiltration method based on (Ca²⁺, Al³⁺)-infiltrated ZrO₂(MgO) porous backbone, aiming to achieve direct sulfur determination in the molten steel. The experimental results showed that the prepared electrolyte took ZrO₂(MgO) backbone as the support and the CaO-Al₂O₃ phase was homogenously filled on the ZrO₂(MgO) backbone, forming well-connected network and rafts. Excellent wettability between the prepared electrolyte and the molten steel promoted the occurrence of the interfacial chemical reaction and achieved dynamic equilibrium to obtain stable electrochemical signal. Finally, the assembled sulfur sensor exhibited fine stability and reproducibility and could accurately determine the sulfur activity in molten steel. The design of the direct sulfur sensor utilizing the non-existent sulfide ZrO₂(MgO)-(CaO-Al₂O₃) solid electrolyte overcame the adverse effects of auxiliary electrode. This achievement holds great significance in realizing the intelligent control of steel-making.

该工作提出了^基于(Ca 2+ _{, Al} 3+ )^渗透ZrO _{2 (} MgO）多孔主链，旨在实现钢水中硫的直接测定。实验结果表明，制备的电解液以ZrO ₂ (MgO)骨架为载体，CaO-Al ₂ O ₃相均匀填充在ZrO _2上。(MgO)骨干，形成连接良好的网络和筏。所制备的电解液与钢水之间良好的润湿性促进了界面化学反应的发生并达到动态平衡，从而获得稳定的电化学信号。最后，组装的硫传感器表现出良好的稳定性和重现性，能够准确测定钢水中的硫活度。利用不存在的硫化物ZrO ₂ (MgO)-(CaO-Al ₂ O ₃ )固体电解质设计的直接硫传感器克服了辅助电极的不利影响。这一成果对于实现炼钢的智能控制具有重要意义。