Ecological restoration of heavily contaminated soils by multiple metal(loid)s in mining areas is very difficult. In this study, we provided an attractive measure of using silkworm excrement (SE) and its modified materials to restore the soil heavily contaminated by arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). We investigated the adsorption capacities and the associated remediation mechanisms for antimonite [Sb(III)] and antimonate [Sb(V)] by raw SE, biochar–modified SE (BC700), iron–modified BC700 (MBC) and sulfhydryl–modified BC700 (SH). Then, we selected SE and SH to compare their outcomes to restore the vegetations and the soil bacterial communities in the investigated soil mentioned above. The results showed that SE displayed the best characteristics for metal(loid) physical adsorption. But SH conferred the strongest capacity to adsorb Sb (max 23.92 mg g^–1), suggesting the process of chemical adsorption played a key role in adsorbing Sb via functional groups (–SH). SE and SH both significantly (1) promoted the growth of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L., New Zealand No.2), community abundance of soil bacteria (283–936 OTUs), and the quantity of bacterial genera correlated with resistance, plant growth promotion and specified carbon metabolism; (2) but reduced bacterial genera correlated with pathogenicity. In this study, we suggested an attractive recyclable measure to restore the disturbed ecological environment in mining areas, i.e, using mulberry to restore the vegetation→ using leaves of mulberry to rear silkworms→ using SE to immobilize metal(loid)s in soils growing mulberry or other plants.

矿区多种金属重度污染土壤的生态修复十分困难。在本研究中，我们提出了利用蚕粪（SE）及其改性材料修复砷（As）、锑（Sb）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）严重污染​​的土壤的一项有吸引力的措施。 ）。我们研究了原始 SE、生物炭改性 SE (BC700)、铁改性 BC700 (MBC) 和硫氢基改性 BC700 对锑矿 [Sb(III)] 和锑酸盐 [Sb(V)] 的吸附能力和相关修复机制（SH）。然后，我们选择SE和SH来比较它们恢复上述调查土壤中的植被和土壤细菌群落的结果。结果表明SE对金属（类）物的物理吸附表现出最佳的特性。但SH赋予最强的Sb吸附能力（最大23.92 mg g ^–1），表明化学吸附过程在通过官能团（–SH）吸附Sb中发挥了关键作用。 SE和SH均显着（1）促进小白菜（Brassica Campestris L.，新西兰No.2）的生长、土壤细菌群落丰度（283-936个OTU）以及与抗性、植物生长相关的细菌属数量促进和特定的碳代谢； (2)但与致病性相关的细菌属减少。在本研究中，我们提出了一种有吸引力的可回收措施来恢复矿区受干扰的生态环境，即用桑树恢复植被→用桑叶养蚕→用SE固定桑树土壤中的金属（类）。或其他植物。