Triptolide is a predominant active component of Triptergium wilfordii Hook. F, which has been used for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, triptolide and its derivates are considered to have promising prospects for development into drugs. However, the clinical application of triptolide is limited due to various organ toxicities, especially liver toxicity. The potential mechanism of triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity has attracted increasing attention. Over the past five years, studies have revealed that triptolide-induced liver toxicity is involved in metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammations, autophagy, apoptosis, and the regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, gut microbiota and immune cells. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological applications and hepatotoxicity mechanism of triptolide, which will provide solid theoretical evidence for further research of triptolide.

雷公藤甲素是雷公藤的主要活性成分。F，已用于治疗癌症和自身免疫性疾病，如类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和糖尿病肾病。因此，雷公藤甲素及其衍生物被认为具有良好的药物开发前景。然而，雷公藤甲素由于多种器官毒性，特别是肝脏毒性，其临床应用受到限制。雷公藤甲素引起的肝毒性的潜在机制引起了越来越多的关注。过去五年的研究表明，雷公藤甲素引起的肝毒性与代谢失衡、氧化应激、炎症、自噬、细胞凋亡以及细胞色素 P450 (CYP450) 酶、肠道微生物群和免疫细胞的调节有关。本文综述了雷公藤甲素的药理应用及肝毒性机制，为雷公藤甲素的进一步研究提供坚实的理论依据。