A challenge state is associated with superior performance compared to a threat state in a variety of performance domains (e.g., sport, aviation, education). However, in the challenge and threat (C/T) literature, between-subjects variability in past performance is often inconsistently controlled for. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of C/T states on performance using two methods to control for past performance. Experiment 1 used previous performance statistics in a between-subjects design and Experiment 2 used a within-subject design. In Experiment 1, regression analysis showed that cardiovascular correlates of C/T states predicted cricket batting performance in 45 amateur cricketers. In Experiment 2, between- and within-subject analysis found that past performance was the only predictor of subsequent golf putting performance in 40 noncompetitive golfers. Taken together, the findings challenge the role that C/T states play in predicting performance under pressure after controlling for past performance.

在各种性能领域（例如，体育、航空、教育）中，与威胁状态相比，挑战状态与优异的性能相关。然而，在挑战与威胁（C/T）文献中，受试者之间过去表现的变异性往往受到不一致的控制。在这里，我们的目的是使用两种方法来控制过去的表现，研究 C/T 状态对表现的影响。实验 1 在受试者间设计中使用了先前的表现统计数据，实验 2 使用了受试者内设计。在实验 1 中，回归分析表明，C/T 状态的心血管相关性预测了 45 名业余板球运动员的板球击球表现。在实验 2 中，受试者间和受试者内分析发现，过去的表现是 40 名非竞争性高尔夫球手随后高尔夫推杆表现的唯一预测因素。总而言之，这些发现对 C/T 状态在控制过去的表现后预测压力下表现的作用提出了挑战。