Enrichment and detection of trace pollutants in the real matrix are essential for evaluating water quality. In this study, benefiting from the good affinities of 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)pyrene) (H₄TBAPy) with itself and melamine (MA) respectively, the composite hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs, MA/PFC-1), PFC-1 self-assembled by 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)pyrene), were successfully constructed by the mild strategy of solvent evaporation at room temperature. Through a series of characterizations, such as Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analyses, and N₂ adsorption-desorption, etc., the MA/PFC-1 was confirmed to be a stable and excellent material. In addition, it possessed high surface area, hierarchical micropores, strong hydrogen bonds, and rich function groups containing N and O heteroatoms, since the newly introduced MA could be another hydrogen bonding motif, as well as increased the polarity of reaction solvent. These advantages make MA/PFC-1 be an ideal coating material for solid phase microextraction (SPME). Satisfactory enrichment factors for nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) were got by the MA/PFC-1 fiber under the optimized conditions obtained by the control variables (extraction time of 60 min, extraction temperature of 80 °C, desorption time of 6 min, desorption temperature of 260 °C, pH value of 7, and stirring speed of 250 rpm). MA/PFC-1 was further used to develop an analytical method for NACs based on head-space SPME coupled with gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). The developed method with low limits of detection (4.30–20.83 ng L⁻¹) and good reproducibility (relative standard deviations <8.6%). The excellent performance allowed the successful application of the developed method in the determinations of trace NACs in real water samples with recoveries of 80.1%–119%. This study proposed a mild approach to synthesize composite HOFs via doping MA and developed an environmentally friendly method for the precise determinations of NACs in the environment.

真实基质中痕量污染物的富集和检测对于评价水质至关重要。_{在本研究中，受益于1,3,6,8-四(4-羧基苯基)芘)(H 4} TBAPy)分别与其自身和三聚氰胺(MA)良好的亲和力，复合氢键有机骨架(HOFs， MA/PFC-1)，即由1,3,6,8-四(4-羧基苯基)芘)自组装的PFC-1，通过室温溶剂蒸发的温和策略成功构建。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析、N _{2吸附-脱附等}一系列表征，证实MA/PFC-1是一种稳定且优异的材料。此外，由于新引入的MA可能是另一个氢键基序，因此它具有高表面积、分级微孔、强氢键和丰富的含有N和O杂原子的官能团，并增加了反应溶剂的极性。这些优点使MA/PFC-1成为固相微萃取（SPME）的理想涂层材料。在控制变量（萃取时间60 min，萃取温度80℃，解吸时间6 min，解吸温度）得到的优化条件下，MA/PFC-1纤维对硝基芳香族化合物（NACs）获得了满意的富集因子260℃，pH值7，搅拌速度250rpm)。MA/PFC-1 进一步用于开发一种基于顶空 SPME 与气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS) 的 NAC 分析方法。所开发的方法具有低检测限（4.30–20.83 ng L ^-1）和良好的重现性（相对标准偏差<8.6%）。优异的性能使得所开发的方法成功应用于实际水样中痕量 NAC 的测定，回收率为 80.1%–119%。本研究提出了一种通过掺杂MA合成复合HOF的温和方法，并开发了一种环境友好的方法来精确测定环境中的NAC。