Hyperreactive platelets are commonly observed in diabetic patients indicating a potential link between glucose homeostasis and platelet reactivity. This raises the possibility that platelets may play a role in the regulation of metabolism. Pancreatic β cells are the central regulators of systemic glucose homeostasis. Here, we show that factor(s) derived from β cells stimulate platelet activity and platelets selectively localize to the vascular endothelium of pancreatic islets. Both depletion of platelets and ablation of major platelet adhesion or activation pathways consistently resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and decreased circulating insulin levels. Furthermore, we found platelet-derived lipid classes to promote insulin secretion and identified 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) as the main factor promoting β cells function. Finally, we demonstrate that the levels of platelet-derived 20-HETE decline with age and that this parallels with reduced impact of platelets on β cell function. Our findings identify an unexpected function of platelets in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, which promotes metabolic fitness in young individuals.

中文翻译：

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血小板来源的脂质促进胰腺β细胞的胰岛素分泌


高反应性血小板在糖尿病患者中常见，表明葡萄糖稳态和血小板反应性之间存在潜在联系。这提出了血小板可能在代谢调节中发挥作用的可能性。胰腺β细胞是全身葡萄糖稳态的中央调节器。在这里，我们发现源自 β 细胞的因子刺激血小板活性，并且血小板选择性地定位于胰岛的血管内皮。血小板的消耗和主要血小板粘附或激活途径的消除始终导致糖耐量受损和循环胰岛素水平降低。此外，我们发现血小板衍生的脂质类别可以促进胰岛素分泌，并确定 20-羟基二十碳四烯酸 (20-HETE) 是促进 β 细胞功能的主要因素。最后，我们证明血小板源性 20-HETE 的水平随着年龄的增长而下降，这与血小板对 β 细胞功能的影响减少是一致的。我们的研究结果发现，血小板在调节胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖代谢方面具有意想不到的功能，可促进年轻人的代谢健康。