Rapid, efficient, and selective removal of toxicants such as aristolochic acid I (AAI) from complex natural product systems is of great significance for the safe use of herbal medicines or medicine-food plants. Addressing this challenge, we develop a high-performance separation approach based on ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) to separate and remove AAI. Two vinylene-linked iCOFs (NKCOF-46-Br^- and NKCOF-55-Br^-) with high crystallinity are fabricated in a green and scalable fashion via a melt polymerization synthesis method. The resulting materials exhibit a uniform morphology, high stability, fast equilibrium time, and superior affinity and selectivity for AAI. Compared to conventional separation media, NKCOF-46-Br^- and NKCOF-55-Br^- achieve the record high adsorption capacities of 246.0 mg g⁻¹ and 178.4 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Various investigations reveal that the positively charged framework and favorable pore microenvironment of iCOFs contribute to their high selectivity and adsorption efficiency. Moreover, the iCOFs exhibit excellent biocompatibility by in vivo toxicity assays. This study paves a new avenue for the rapid, selective and efficient removal of toxicants from complex natural systems.

从复杂的天然产物体系中快速、高效、选择性地去除马兜铃酸I（AAI）等有毒物质对于草药或药食两用植物的安全使用具有重要意义。为了应对这一挑战，我们开发了一种基于离子共价有机框架 (iCOF) 的高性能分离方法来分离和去除 AAI。通过熔融聚合合成方法，以绿色且可规模化的方式制备了两种具有高结晶度的亚乙烯基连接的 iCOF（NKCOF-46-Br ^-和 NKCOF-55-Br ^{- ）。}所得材料表现出均匀的形貌、高稳定性、快速的平衡时间以及对 AAI 的优异亲和力和选择性。与传统分离介质相比，NKCOF-46-Br ^-和NKCOF-55-Br ^-分别实现了创纪录的246.0 mg g ^-1和178.4 mg g ^-1的高吸附容量。各种研究表明，iCOF 的带正电荷的框架和有利的孔隙微环境有助于其高选择性和吸附效率。此外，通过体内毒性测定，iCOF 表现出优异的生物相容性。这项研究为快速、选择性和有效地从复杂的自然系统中去除有毒物质铺平了一条新途径。