Primary explosives are essential energy transfer materials in explosive systems. At present, heavy metal-containing materials, such as lead azide (LA), are still the most widely used primary explosives. Copper azide (CA)-based primary explosives are considered as promising replacements for LA. However, there has little advancement in the high initiation performance and high safety of CA-based primary explosives because of the absence of the relevant theories and structural models. Herein, we report [Cu(N₃)(2-bmttz)]_n 1 with the exceptionally remarkable initiating capability and high safety. Performance tests indicated only 5 mg of 1 can successfully ignite the commercial secondary explosive RDX, as 1/6 priming charge of LA, demonstrating 1 is possibly the most efficient primary explosive known to date. Moreover, 1 possesses the rarely low impact sensitivity (IS = 2.5 J), which is comparable to that of LA and better than most of reported CA-based candidates. Both experimental and theoretical studies have shown that passivation of high-energy primary explosives can be achieved through the coordination between functional ligands and azide ions, in which azide ions without repulsive steric clashes only act as energetic building blocks. This work offers a new insight for designing high performance primary explosives for applications in advanced explosive systems.

起爆药是爆炸系统中重要的能量传输材料。目前，叠氮化铅（LA）等含重金属材料仍然是使用最广泛的起爆药。叠氮化铜（CA）基起爆药被认为是 LA 的有前途的替代品。然而，由于缺乏相关理论和结构模型，CA基起爆药的高起爆性能和高安全性方面进展甚微。在此，我们报道了[Cu(N ₃ )(2-bmttz)] _n 1具有异常显着的引发能力和高安全性。性能测试表明，仅 5 毫克1即可成功点燃商用二次炸药 RDX，相当于 LA 的 1/6 起爆药，证明了1可能是迄今为止已知的最有效的起爆药。此外，1具有罕见的低冲击敏感性（IS = 2.5 J），与 LA 相当，并且比大多数报道的基于 CA 的候选物更好。实验和理论研究都表明，高能起爆药的钝化可以通过功能配体与叠氮化物离子之间的配位来实现，其中没有排斥性空间碰撞的叠氮化物离子仅充当高能构件。这项工作为设计用于先进爆炸系统的高性能起爆药提供了新的见解。