The novel MoS₂/TMO/GO (MTG) nanocomposites (TMO = Co₃O₄, MnO₂, CuO) were constructed by a two stage layer adding method. The characterization results proved that TMO nanoparticles were successfully loaded on the nanosheets composed by GO and MoS₂. Especially after loading MnO₂ nanoparticles, MTG-Mn nanocomposite exhibited a three-dimension network structure with a higher surface area (152.8 m²·g⁻¹) and plenty of mesopore channels. For the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), MTG-Co (2.0 wt%), MTG-Mn (2.0 wt%) and MTG-Cu (2.0 wt%) could highly decrease decomposition temperature by about 87.1 °C, 104.8 °C and 84.4 °C, respectively. Among the as-prepared catalysts, MTG-Mn could also enhance heat release of AP to 1592.8 J‧g⁻¹, indicating the good catalytic activity of MTGMn. Under the action of MTG-Mn (2.0 wt%), E_a was highly decreased by about 123.8 kJ·mol⁻¹ and the decomposition rate k increased by 228.9%. The ignition delay time of AP/HTPB propellant after adding MTG-Mn was shortened by 70.5% and the mass burning rate increased by 206.8%. These superior properties mainly come from the synergism of multi-components in MTG-Mn and make it act as a potential catalyst for improving the combustion property of AP-based propellants.