Heat accumulation on cement pavement will deteriorate traffic safety and aggravate the urban heat island effect in summer so that efficient heat transfer methods become the key to road heat dissipation. However, traditional heat dissipation attempts tended to focus on utilizing water evaporation and pavement heat convection, which led to unsustainable heat transfer and reduced pavement strength. In this work, lowering the water-cement ratio and increasing the carbon fiber (CF) content were applied consecutively on the basis of the standard pouring method in order to achieve the highest thermal conductivity of the cement-based composites. Heat transfer behavior was determined by measurements of thermal conductivity and porosity, and demonstrated by microscopic topography and temperature change image characterization. According to the results, by lowering the water-cement ratio and raising the CF content, composites’ thermal conductivity improved by 26.7 %, and their cold side temperature rose by 14.7 °C after the same heating period, a 26.5 % increase. Moreover, in order to characterize the stability of heat transfer, each group of samples was subjected to freeze–thaw cycles and then added to the previous test methods. Test results demonstrated that a low water-cement ratio and appropriate CF content reduced the sensitivity of thermal conductivity to freeze–thaw cycles.