The insect gut is colonized by microbes that confer a myriad of beneficial services to the host, including nutritional support, immune enhancement, and even influence behavior. Insect gut microbes show dynamic changes due to the gut compartments, sex, and seasonal and geographic influences. Crickets are omnivorous hemimetabolous insects that have sex-specific roles, such as males producing chirping sounds for communication and exhibiting fighting behavior. However, limited information is available on their gut bacterial communities, hampering studies on functional compartmentalization of the gut and sex-specific roles of the gut microbiota in omnivorous insects. Here, we report a metagenomic analysis of the gut bacteriome of the field cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing to identify sex- and compartment-dependent influences on its diversity and function. The structure of the gut microbiota is strongly influenced by their gut compartments rather than sex. The species richness and diversity analyses revealed large difference in the bacterial communities between the gut compartments while minor differences were observed between the sexes. Analysis of relative abundance and predicted functions revealed that nitrogen- and oxygen-dependent metabolism and amino acid turnover were subjected to functional compartmentalization in the gut. Comparisons between the sexes revealed differences in the gut microbiota, reflecting efficiency in energy use, including glycolytic and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting a possible involvement in egg production in females. This study provides insights into the gut compartment dependent and sex-specific roles of host-gut symbiont interactions in crickets and the industrial production of crickets.

昆虫肠道内寄生着微生物，这些微生物为宿主提供了无数有益的服务，包括营养支持、免疫增强，甚至影响行为。由于肠道区室、性别、季节和地理影响，昆虫肠道微生物表现出动态变化。蟋蟀是杂食性半变态昆虫，具有特定性别的角色，例如雄性会发出鸣叫声进行交流并表现出战斗行为。然而，有关杂食性昆虫肠道细菌群落的信息有限，阻碍了对杂食性昆虫肠道功能区划和肠道微生物群性别特异性作用的研究。在这里，我们报告了使用 16S rRNA V3-V4 扩增子测序对田间蟋蟀Teleogryllus occipitalis肠道细菌组进行的宏基因组分析，以确定性别和区室依赖性对其多样性和功能的影响。肠道微生物群的结构很大程度上受到肠道区室的影响，而不是性别的影响。物种丰富度和多样性分析显示，肠道区室之间的细菌群落存在巨大差异，而性别之间则观察到微小差异。对相对丰度和预测功能的分析表明，氮和氧依赖性代谢和氨基酸周转受到肠道功能区划的影响。性别之间的比较揭示了肠道微生物群的差异，反映了能量利用的效率，包括糖酵解和碳水化合物代谢，表明可能参与雌性产蛋。这项研究提供了对蟋蟀宿主-肠道共生体相互作用的肠室依赖性和性别特异性作用以及蟋蟀工业生产的见解。