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Rock Varnish: Nature’s Shield
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00071 Amritpal Singh Chaddha 1, 2 , Anupam Sharma 1 , Narendra Kumar Singh 2 , Devendra Kumar Patel 3 , G. N. V. Satyanarayana 3
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00071 Amritpal Singh Chaddha 1, 2 , Anupam Sharma 1 , Narendra Kumar Singh 2 , Devendra Kumar Patel 3 , G. N. V. Satyanarayana 3
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Bare rock surfaces in dry to semiarid places of the world often host a black-brown accretion rich in Mn and Fe known as rock varnish. The varnish surface presents an ideal environment for microbial development. A burgeoning interdisciplinary arena of scholarship focuses on the biogeochemical fingerprints of life in severe settings. Given that a large number of researchers hypothesize that varnish formation is a key process by microorganisms, the high altitude Ladakh remains a largely unexplored research setting. Thus, as one of the world’s harshest dry deserts, we selected Ladakh as the focus for this investigation into the nature of organic biomarkers found in subaerial rock varnish in this severe climate. Microbial fingerprinting using organic biomarkers and isotopic analyses in conjunction with electron microscopy reveals the presence of organic metabolites such as fatty acids, alkyl benzenes, oxime, amide, and fatty acids that we interpret as resulting from mineral–microbial interactions. We hypothesize that a newly discovered change in surface wettability characteristics from hydrophilic (in host rock) to hydrophobic (in varnish) might be important in facilitating the development of microbial processes that could be related to varnish formation.
中文翻译：
岩石清漆：自然之盾
世界上干燥至半干旱地区的裸露岩石表面通常含有富含锰和铁的黑棕色沉积物，称为岩石漆。清漆表面为微生物的生长提供了理想的环境。新兴的跨学科学术领域关注严酷环境下生命的生物地球化学指纹。鉴于大量研究人员假设清漆的形成是微生物的一个关键过程，高海拔的拉达克仍然是一个很大程度上未经探索的研究环境。因此，作为世界上最恶劣的干燥沙漠之一，我们选择拉达克作为此次恶劣气候下地下岩石清漆中发现的有机生物标志物性质调查的重点。使用有机生物标志物和同位素分析结合电子显微镜进行微生物指纹分析揭示了有机代谢物的存在，例如脂肪酸、烷基苯、肟、酰胺和脂肪酸，我们将其解释为矿物质与微生物相互作用的结果。我们假设，新发现的表面润湿特性从亲水性（在主岩中）到疏水性（在清漆中）的变化可能对于促进可能与清漆形成相关的微生物过程的发展很重要。
更新日期：2023-07-21
中文翻译：
岩石清漆：自然之盾
世界上干燥至半干旱地区的裸露岩石表面通常含有富含锰和铁的黑棕色沉积物，称为岩石漆。清漆表面为微生物的生长提供了理想的环境。新兴的跨学科学术领域关注严酷环境下生命的生物地球化学指纹。鉴于大量研究人员假设清漆的形成是微生物的一个关键过程，高海拔的拉达克仍然是一个很大程度上未经探索的研究环境。因此，作为世界上最恶劣的干燥沙漠之一，我们选择拉达克作为此次恶劣气候下地下岩石清漆中发现的有机生物标志物性质调查的重点。使用有机生物标志物和同位素分析结合电子显微镜进行微生物指纹分析揭示了有机代谢物的存在，例如脂肪酸、烷基苯、肟、酰胺和脂肪酸，我们将其解释为矿物质与微生物相互作用的结果。我们假设，新发现的表面润湿特性从亲水性（在主岩中）到疏水性（在清漆中）的变化可能对于促进可能与清漆形成相关的微生物过程的发展很重要。
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