Due to the lack of knowledge on the mechanism of the effect of new herbicides on nitrogen-functioning microorganisms and nitrogen use efficiency, a balancing strategy for the application of new herbicides in maize fields is rarely proposed. By studying the effects of thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole (TMI) on nitrogen transformation in soil and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) of maize, the mechanism of nitrogen functional groups and genes involved was revealed, and controlling factors affecting soil nitrogen transformation were identified. Results showed that on day 18, the nitrate nitrogen (NO-N) content increased but ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) content decreased with the TMI application. This can be further verified by the positive correlations ( < 0.05) among isoxaflutole residues, “aerobic_ammonia_oxidation” and NO-N content. The NH-N content increased significantly with TMI application at 10 times the recommended dose (412.5 ml hm) on days 30 and 45, which explains the high value of NAE at the high-dose application of TMI. Random forest model and redundancy analysis confirmed the significant impacts of the gene on NH-N content and TMI residues on NO-N content ( < 0.05). Comprehensively considering the disturbance of nitrogen-related microorganisms and the effects on the NAE of maize, this research proposed a trade-off strategy for the application of new pre-emergence herbicide in maize fields, involving background investigation, experimental design, analytical methods and trade-off indicators. This may be further popularised and achieve a balance between economic and environmental benefits.

中文翻译：

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甲基噻吩卡巴腙·异恶唑草酮在玉米田使用的权衡策略：氮相关微生物反应和环境影响

由于缺乏对新型除草剂对氮功能微生物和氮素利用效率的影响机制的认识，很少有人提出新型除草剂在玉米田施用的平衡策略。通过研究甲基噻吩卡巴腙·异恶唑草酮（TMI）对土壤氮素转化和玉米氮素农艺效率（NAE）的影响，揭示了氮功能基团和​​相关基因的作用机制，并确定了影响土壤氮素转化的控制因素。结果显示，第18天，随着TMI的施用，硝态氮（NO-N）含量增加，而铵态氮（NH-N）含量减少。这可以通过异恶唑草酮残留量、“好氧氨氧化”和NO-N含量之间的正相关性（<0.05）进一步验证。在第30天和第45天，以推荐剂量（412.5 ml hm）10倍的TMI施用时，NH-N含量显着增加，这解释了高剂量施用TMI时NAE的高值。随机森林模型和冗余分析证实了该基因对NH-N含量和TMI残基对NO-N含量的显着影响（<0.05）。综合考虑氮相关微生物的干扰以及对玉米NAE的影响，本研究提出了新型芽前除草剂在玉米田应用的权衡策略，涉及背景调查、试验设计、分析方法和贸易- 关闭指示器。这可能会得到进一步普及，实现经济效益和环境效益的平衡。