The near-surface temperature in Mediterranean climate-type regions has increased overall similarly or more rapidly than the global mean rates. Although these regions have comparable climate characteristics and are located at similar latitudes, recent warming acceleration is most pronounced in the Mediterranean Basin. Here, we investigate the contributions of several climate drivers to regional warming anomalies. We consider greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar irradiance, land–atmosphere interactions, and natural climate variability modes. Our results highlight the dominant role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas radiative forcing in all Mediterranean climate-type regions, particularly those in the northern hemisphere. In the Mediterranean Basin, the recent warming acceleration is largely due to the combined effect of declining aerosols and a negative trend in near-surface soil moisture. While land-atmosphere feedbacks are also important in other locations (e.g., California and Southern Africa), this synergy is unique in the Mediterranean Basin. These two regional climate drivers have natural and anthropogenic components of equivalent importance. Such feedbacks are not fully resolved in the current regional climate projections.

地中海气候类型区域的近地表温度总体上升速度与全球平均水平相似或更快。尽管这些地区具有相似的气候特征并且位于相似的纬度，但最近变暖加速在地中海盆地最为明显。在这里，我们调查了几种气候驱动因素对区域变暖异常的影响。我们考虑温室气体、气溶胶、太阳辐照度、陆地-大气相互作用和自然气候变化模式。我们的结果强调了人为温室气体辐射强迫在所有地中海气候类型区域，特别是北半球的主导作用。在地中海盆地，最近变暖加速主要是由于气溶胶减少和近地表土壤湿度下降趋势的综合影响。虽然陆地-大气反馈在其他地区（例如加利福尼亚和南部非洲）也很重要，但这种协同作用在地中海盆地是独一无二的。这两个区域气候驱动因素具有同等重要的自然和人为因素。目前的区域气候预测尚未完全解决此类反馈问题。