1-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers refer to the macromolecules that have metal ions incorporated in their pendent groups or main chain through metal-binding ligand groups. They have intrinsic advantages over traditional polymers to regulate the polymer structures and functions owing to the nature of the metal-ligand bond. Consequently, they have great potential for the development of smart and functional structures and materials and therapeutic agents. Water-soluble 1D coordination polymers and assemblies are an important subtype of coordination polymers with distinctive interests for demanding applications in aqueous systems, such as biological and medical applications. This review highlights the recent progress and research achievements in the design and use of water-soluble 1D coordination polymers and assemblies. The overview covers the design and structure control of 1D coordination polymers, their colloidal assemblies, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, micelles and vesicles, and fabricated bulk materials such as membraneless liquid condensates, security ink, hydrogel actuators, and smart fabrics. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of several of these coordination polymeric structures and materials and give an outlook on the field of aqueous coordination polymers.

一维（1D）配位聚合物是指通过金属结合配体基团将金属离子纳入其侧基或主链的大分子。由于金属-配体键的性质，它们在调节聚合物结构和功能方面比传统聚合物具有内在优势。因此，它们在开发智能功能结构、材料和治疗剂方面具有巨大潜力。水溶性一维配位聚合物和组装体是配位聚合物的重要子类型，对于生物和医学应用等水性系统中的高要求应用具有独特的兴趣。本综述重点介绍了水溶性一维配位聚合物和组件的设计和使用的最新进展和研究成果。概述涵盖一维配位聚合物及其胶体组件的设计和结构控制，包括纳米颗粒、纳米纤维、胶束和囊泡，以及制造的散装材料，例如无膜液体冷凝物、安全墨水、水凝胶致动器和智能织物。最后，我们讨论了其中几种配位聚合物结构和材料的潜在应用，并对水性配位聚合物领域进行了展望。