There is an ongoing global effort to advance emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and many of these endeavours are focused on developing new compositions, processing methods and passivation strategies. In particular, the use of passivators to reduce the defects in perovskite materials has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of PSCs. Organic passivators have received increasing attention since the late 2010s as their structures and properties can readily be modified. First, this Review discusses the main types of defect in perovskite materials and reviews their properties. We examine the deleterious impact of defects on device efficiency and stability and highlight how defects facilitate extrinsic degradation pathways. Second, the proven use of different passivator designs to mitigate these negative effects is discussed, and possible defect passivation mechanisms are presented. Finally, we propose four specific directions for future research, which, in our opinion, will be crucial for unlocking the full potential of PSCs using the concept of defect passivation.

全球正在不断努力推进新兴钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的发展，其中许多努力都集中在开发新的成分、加工方法和钝化策略。特别是，使用钝化剂来减少钙钛矿材料的缺陷已被证明是提高PSC光伏性能和长期稳定性的有效方法。自 2010 年代末以来，有机钝化剂因其结构和性能易于修改而受到越来越多的关注。首先，本综述讨论了钙钛矿材料的主要缺陷类型并回顾了它们的性能。我们研究了缺陷对器件效率和稳定性的有害影响，并强调了缺陷如何促进外在降解途径。其次，讨论了经过验证的使用不同钝化剂设计来减轻这些负面影响的方法，并提出了可能的缺陷钝化机制。最后，我们提出了未来研究的四个具体方向，我们认为这对于利用缺陷钝化概念释放 PSC 的全部潜力至关重要。