A Quasi-Solid-State Polyether Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries,Advanced Functional Materials

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A Quasi-Solid-State Polyether Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202304928
Tong Zhao ₁ , Xueying Zheng ₁ , Donghai Wang ₁ , Liqiang Huang ₁ , Bin Li ₂ , Xuyang Liu ₁ , Hao Yang ₁ , Yiming Dai ₁ , Yunhui Huang ₃ , Wei Luo _{1,

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Affiliation

Taken the unlimited Na reservoir worldwide, battery technology based on Na-ion chemistry poses as an ideal candidate for large-scale energy storage systems. Especially, with metallic Na replacing traditional carbon anodes, it's able to maximize the energy density inexpensively. Nevertheless, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) face intrinsically poor stability due to their highly-reactive nature, where low Coulombic efficiency and short lifetime are often witnessed. The situation can be further aggravated at low temperatures due to insurmountable kinetic barriers. Herein, a 1,3-dioxolane-based quasi-solid-state electrolyte (PDGE) is proposed with a high ionic conductivity of 3.68 mS cm⁻¹ even at −20 ^◦C for SMBs. Moreover, a weak solvation environment is tailored by PDGE, which possesses a high Na⁺ transference number of 0.7. Concurrently, the solid electrolyte interphase induced from PDGE presents inorganic Na₂O, NaF as the major components, which offers accelerated Na⁺ diffusion and superior stability upon long-term cycling. With such a quasi-solid-state electrolyte, the Na/Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ full cell exhibits great stability over 1000 cycles at −20 ^◦C. This study has significant implications to the development for SMBs under low-temperature conditions.

中文翻译：

一种用于低温钠金属电池的准固态聚醚电解质

鉴于全球无限的钠储量，基于钠离子化学的电池技术是大规模储能系统的理想候选者。特别是，随着金属钠取代传统的碳阳极，它能够以低廉的成本最大化能量密度。然而，钠金属电池（SMB）由于其高反应性，本质上稳定性较差，经常出现库仑效率低和寿命短的情况。由于无法克服的动力学障碍，这种情况在低温下可能会进一步恶化。在此，提出了一种基于 1,3-二氧戊环的准固态电解质（PDGE），即使在 -20 ^℃下，对于 SMB 也具有 3.68 mS cm ^{-1的高离子电导率。}此外，PDGE还定制了弱溶剂化环境，其Na ⁺迁移数高达0.7。同时，PDGE诱导的固体电解质界面以无机Na ₂ O、NaF为主要成分，在长期循环中提供加速的Na ^{+扩散和优异的稳定性。}使用这种准固态电解质，Na/Na ₃ V ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃全电池在-20 ^° C下循环1000次后表现出良好的稳定性。这项研究对低温下中小企业的发展具有重要意义状况。

更新日期：2023-07-19

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