Eutrophication leads to algae blooms and reduces the transparency of water bodies, which seriously affects water quality and ecosystem equilibrium, especially in shallow water body ecosystems (SWE). Controlling foodwebs by manipulating fish and macrophytes provides a feasible method to mitigate the effects of eutrophication. The response of zooplankton as the primary consumer to biomanipulation is mostly conceptualized and lacks detailed observation. Mesocosm experiments that altered the biomass of planktivorous fish and macrophytes were set up and their boundary conditions were extended into a series of scenarios for modeling biomanipulation. Thus, this study utilizes a one-dimensional lake ecosystem model Water Ecosystems Tool (WET) which considered each zooplankton group: rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods, to predict the seasonal dynamic effects of biomanipulation on zooplankton in SWE, and the model results are analyzed in comparison with the mesocosm results. Observed data from mesocosm experiments set up in a temperate pond, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chl a), macrophytes, zooplankton, and fish, were used to calibrate and validate the models. The modeled results showed that in spring and summer zooplanktivorous fish removal would increase all three categories of zooplankton and consequently cause a decrease of phytoplankton, whilst an increase in fish biomass would increase phytoplankton, and concomitantly water turbidity. However, in autumn, rotifers and phytoplankton increased in response to fish removal, but cladocerans and copepods decreased, 27% and 41%, respectively. Across all three vegetated seasons, increasing the biomass of macrophytes revealed a similar pattern: all three categories of zooplankton increased and phytoplankton subsequently decreased. Our study proposes a "fish-zooplankton-macrophyte-phytoplankton" trophic cascade and quantitatively predicts the dynamics of each zooplankton group under biomanipulation through this pathway, and provides support for establishing macrophyte beds and removing zooplanktivorous fish (in spring and summer) as an effective approach to mitigate eutrophication.

富营养化导致藻类大量繁殖，降低水体透明度，严重影响水质和生态系统平衡，特别是浅水体生态系统（SWE）。通过操纵鱼类和大型植物来控制食物网提供了减轻富营养化影响的可行方法。浮游动物作为生物操纵的主要消费者，其反应大多是概念化的，缺乏详细的观察。建立了改变食浮游生物和大型植物生物量的中生态实验，并将其边界条件扩展到一系列用于模拟生物操纵的场景中。因此，本研究利用一维湖泊生态系统模型水生态系统工具（WET），考虑了每个浮游动物类群：轮虫、枝角类和桡足类，来预测生物操纵对SWE中浮游动物的季节性动态影响，并对模型结果进行分析与中宇宙结果相比。使用在温带池塘中进行的中生态实验的观测数据，包括水温、溶解氧 (DO)、总氮 (TN)、总磷 (TP)、叶绿素 a (Chl a)、大型植物、浮游动物和鱼类校准和验证模型。模拟结果表明，在春季和夏季，食浮游动物鱼类的去除会增加所有三类浮游动物，从而导致浮游植物减少，而鱼类生物量的增加会增加浮游植物，并随之增加水体浊度。然而，在秋季，轮虫和浮游植物因鱼类减少而增加，但枝角类和桡足类减少，分别减少了 27% 和 41%。在所有三个植被季节，大型植物生物量的增加揭示了类似的模式：所有三类浮游动物都增加，浮游植物随后减少。我们的研究提出了“鱼类-浮游动物-大型植物-浮游植物”的营养级联，并通过该途径定量预测了生物操作下各浮游动物类群的动态，为建立大型植物床和清除食浮游动物鱼类（春季和夏季）提供了支持，作为一种有效的方法。减轻富营养化的方法。